Clifton P. Prophet

The Proposal Trustee brought a motion for advice and directions, seeking an order to not undertake the adjudication of a proof of claim filed by Moroccanoil and a cross-motion by the insolvent Company, and instead lift the stay of proceedings to allow the claims to be determined in ongoing U.S. litigation.

The Court dismissed the motion, finding that section 135(1.1) of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act unambiguously requires the Proposal Trustee to determine and value the claim, and the Court's inherent jurisdiction does not extend to displacing this mandatory statutory process.

In a bankruptcy proposal proceeding, a creditor (Moroccanoil) moved for an order declaring that no secured indebtedness was owing by the debtor (CHL) to a related company (BEI) and prohibiting a credit bid based on that debt.

The court found that the alleged debt, which consisted of management fees agreed to in 2019 for services rendered in previous years, was based entirely on past consideration.

Applying the rule that past consideration is not good consideration, the court held the agreement unenforceable and granted the order prohibiting the credit bid.

In the context of ongoing CCAA proceedings where substantially all assets of the debtor companies had been liquidated, the supervising judge barred the sole secured creditor from voting on a proposed plan of arrangement on the basis that it was acting for an improper purpose, and authorized the debtor companies to enter into a third party litigation funding agreement as interim financing.

The Quebec Court of Appeal set aside those orders.

The Supreme Court of Canada restored the supervising judge's orders, holding that: (1) a supervising judge has discretion under s. 11 of the CCAA to bar a creditor from voting on a plan of arrangement where the creditor is acting for an improper purpose; and (2) a supervising judge may approve third party litigation funding as interim financing pursuant to s. 11.2 of the CCAA, provided the funding agreement does not constitute a plan of arrangement.

The Court affirmed the high degree of deference owed to discretionary decisions of a supervising judge and found the Court of Appeal had failed to treat those decisions with the appropriate degree of deference.

The plaintiff brought motions to discontinue the action against an individual defendant, to certify the action as a class proceeding, and for partial summary judgment.

The court approved the discontinuance as it did not prejudice the class and secured the corporate defendant's consent to certification.

The court certified the class action against the remaining defendants, finding that the pleadings disclosed causes of action under the Consumer Protection Act and Competition Act, and that a class proceeding was the preferable procedure.

However, the court dismissed the plaintiff's motion for partial summary judgment, concluding that the nature of the relationship between the defendants and the interpretation of the statutory provisions raised genuine issues requiring a full trial.

Her Majesty the Queen in right of Ontario sought to lift a stay on its $330 billion health care cost recovery action against three tobacco companies (JTI-Macdonald Corp., Imperial Tobacco, Rothmans, Benson & Hedges Inc.) and eleven co-defendants, which was imposed under CCAA proceedings.

Ontario proposed to temporarily stay the effects of any judgment.

The court dismissed the motion, emphasizing the need to preserve the status quo in CCAA proceedings to facilitate a global resolution of significant claims.

Allowing Ontario's action to proceed would alter the level playing field, distract from restructuring efforts, and impose significant costs, prejudicing other stakeholders.

This decision addresses the costs of a dismissed interlocutory injunction motion brought by Phoenix Holdings Limited against Healthcare Holdings Inc. and KMH Cardiology Centres Incorporated.

The court found the injunction motion lacked merit and was brought with unacceptable late service of materials, causing the applicants unnecessary costs.

The court ordered Phoenix Holdings Limited to pay the applicants' costs on a partial indemnity basis, fixed at $20,000, inclusive of disbursements and HST.

This costs endorsement followed a discharge motion for an interim receiver.

The Interim Receiver and Fasken, Martineau DuMoulin LLP sought substantial indemnity costs against Nyaz Jethwani, who had opposed the discharge and fee approvals.

The court found Jethwani was not a public interest litigant and was responsible for costs incurred due to his opposition.

However, the offers to settle did not meet Rule 49 requirements, and Jethwani's conduct, while causing unnecessary costs, was not reprehensible enough for substantial indemnity.

The court awarded partial indemnity costs to the Interim Receiver ($75,000) and Faskens ($54,000), plus $2,500 each for the costs motion itself.

This is a costs endorsement on appeal from a Superior Court judgment.

The unsuccessful appellants (Essar entities and GIP entities) were ordered to pay costs to the successful respondents (the Monitor and Algoma Steel).

The parties agreed on the quantum of costs but disagreed on whether liability should be several or joint and several.

The court awarded costs on a several basis, allocating 25% to GIP and 75% to Essar, finding that GIP had a more limited role with different issues and less oral argument time than Essar.

A CCAA monitor brought an oppression action under the Canada Business Corporations Act against the parent company (Essar Global) and related entities, alleging that a port transaction transferring critical assets to an Essar-controlled entity was oppressive to Algoma's stakeholders (trade creditors, employees, pensioners, and retirees).

The trial judge found the monitor had standing as a complainant, the action was properly brought as an oppression remedy rather than a derivative action, and the port transaction and its change of control provision were oppressive.

The court granted a remedy modifying the transaction to remove the change of control veto and provide Algoma with termination rights after GIP's loan was repaid.

The appellants appealed on multiple grounds, including standing, characterization of the claim, reasonable expectations analysis, and the appropriateness of the remedy.

The Court of Appeal upheld the trial judgment in all respects.

In a CCAA proceeding, the Monitor brought a motion for advice and directions seeking to challenge $2.3 million in payments in kind made by the debtor to a trade creditor as oppressive.

The court dismissed the motion, finding that the Monitor had not been empowered to bring such proceedings on behalf of the debtor corporations and that it was inappropriate for the Monitor to drop its neutrality to pit creditors against each other.

Furthermore, the Monitor failed to prove that any creditors held reasonable expectations that were breached by the transfers.

The Interim Receiver, A. Farber & Partners Inc., moved for approval of its fees and disbursements, and those of other professionals, incurred over a 15-year receivership, along with its discharge and other related orders.

The plaintiff, Nyaz Jethwani, opposed the motion, primarily objecting to the quantum of fees and certain actions of the Interim Receiver.

The court found the Interim Receiver's fees and actions to be fair, reasonable, and commercially prudent, dismissing all of Jethwani's objections.

The court approved the fees, discharged the Interim Receiver, and ordered reimbursement for personal payments made by Farber.

In the context of CCAA proceedings, the Board of Directors of Essar Steel Algoma Inc. brought a motion seeking to resume regular board meetings, receive confidential information, and be paid outstanding fees.

The Board had been previously disengaged due to an information sharing protocol and a prior court endorsement because the parent company was a bidder.

Although the parent company was no longer a bidder, the court dismissed the motion to reengage the Board, finding that the existing governance arrangements were functioning well and reengaging the Board could disrupt the restructuring.

However, the court granted the Board's request to have its independent counsel paid and included in discussions regarding the directors' potential liability.

The plaintiff shareholder brought a motion to appoint an interim receiver-manager for the defendant corporation, alleging oppressive conduct by management and the board of directors.

The defendants brought a cross-motion for summary judgment to dismiss the oppression action.

The court dismissed the plaintiff's motion, finding he failed to establish a strong prima facie case of oppression, irreparable harm, or that the balance of convenience favoured the appointment.

The court also dismissed the defendants' cross-motion for summary judgment, concluding that the plaintiff raised serious issues requiring a trial and that the claims were not clearly statute-barred.

The applicant sought recognition of various interim orders, including an Interim DIP ABL Order, in a cross-border insolvency proceeding under the CCAA.

The court granted most of the requested relief but declined to recognize the Interim DIP ABL Order and the associated DIP ABL Lenders’ Charge.

The refusal was based on the lack of adequate protection for Canadian landlords, who would be detrimentally affected by the Canadian entities guaranteeing and collateralizing the DIP facility without receiving comparable security or the benefit of marshalling, unlike other creditor groups.

Payless Holdings LLC, as foreign representative for itself and other Chapter 11 Debtors, applied for recognition of its U.S. Chapter 11 proceedings as foreign main proceedings under the CCAA in Canada.

The application also sought recognition of certain First Day Orders and a stay of proceedings.

The court granted the Initial Recognition Order, finding the U.S. proceedings to be foreign main proceedings based on the integrated operations and U.S. center of main interest for the Canadian entities.

Certain stay provisions were also granted, with remaining issues adjourned.

The Interim Receiver requested a case conference to clarify the scope of cross-examinations on its fee affidavits and those of its counsel, and sought to limit the production of invoices.

The Plaintiff, representing investors, challenged the Interim Receiver's fees and alleged negligence by its counsel, seeking broad cross-examination and full disclosure.

The court reiterated that when an Officer of the Court seeks fee approval, they become a litigant with an economic interest and are subject to cross-examination like any other party.

The court declined to provide further directions to limit the scope of cross-examination and ordered the production of all relevant invoices, emphasizing transparency.

The CCAA monitor of Algoma brought an oppression action under the CBCA against Algoma's parent company, Essar Global, regarding a transaction that transferred Algoma's critical port facilities to a related entity.

The court found that the monitor had standing to bring the action on behalf of creditors.

The court held that the port transaction and a change of control clause giving Essar Global a veto over any buyer of Algoma violated the reasonable expectations of creditors and were oppressive.

The court rejected the business judgment rule defence and ordered the deletion of the change of control clause and amended the agreements to allow Algoma to terminate them after a third-party loan is repaid.

In the context of a CCAA proceeding, Port of Algoma Inc. (Portco) brought a motion seeking an order compelling the debtor, Essar Steel Algoma Inc., to make post-filing payments under a Cargo Handling Agreement and for an administrative charge.

The court dismissed the motion, finding it premature as the Monitor was directed to commence an oppression proceeding regarding the underlying related party transactions.

The court also rejected Portco's renewed arguments under section 11.01(a) of the CCAA, noting they had been decided in a prior motion, and declined to lift the stay of proceedings, emphasizing that doing so would be contrary to the interests of the stakeholders and the restructuring process.

The Ontario Nurses Association (ONA) brought a motion under the CCAA seeking an order to restructure the Victorian Order of Nurses for Canada (VON Canada) pension plan.

The ONA proposed transferring assets and liabilities related to VON Ontario employees into a new pension plan and sought a declaration that VON Ontario was not jointly and severally liable for any pension deficits.

The court dismissed the motion, finding that the ONA's proposal did not advance the CCAA's policy objectives of fostering going concern restructuring and avoiding liquidation.

The court also applied the business judgment rule, deferring to VON Canada's board decision to maintain the status quo, and deemed the request for a declaration on future liabilities premature and speculative.

The applicants, a group of real estate development companies, sought an Initial Order under the CCAA and the continuation of their NOI proceedings under the CCAA.

Concurrently, the foreign representative of the parent company sought recognition of Israeli insolvency proceedings as a foreign main proceeding under Part IV of the CCAA.

The court approved a Co-operation Protocol between the foreign representative and the proposed Monitor, recognized the Israeli proceeding as a foreign main proceeding, and granted the Initial Order.

The court also extended the stay of proceedings to related limited partnerships and approved various administrative and interim financing charges.