Grew up in Hamilton, Ontario ("the Hammer"); initially aspired to a career in criminal law through close family friends in the field (McGill FocusLaw).
B.A., University of Western Ontario, 1973 (Martindale).
LL.B., McGill University, 1977; began legal studies at McGill in 1973 (Martindale; McGill FocusLaw).
LL.M., McGill University, Institute of Comparative Law, 1983; thesis "Estoppel Against the Crown in Tax," supervised by Professor John Durnford (Martindale; McGill FocusLaw).