Calvin Zhang

The plaintiff real estate brokerage sued the defendant for an unpaid commission of $237,300 under a Buyer Representation Agreement after the defendant failed to close on the purchase of a farm property.

The defendant, who did not speak English, signed the agreement on behalf of her husband without understanding that a commission would be owed if the transaction did not close.

The court found that the plaintiff's agent, acting as a fiduciary, failed to translate or explain the agreement to the defendant.

The court accepted the defence of non est factum, declaring the agreement void ab initio, and dismissed the action.

The moving party sought leave to appeal an order of J.K. Trimble J. dated November 26, 2025.

The Divisional Court granted the motion for leave to appeal and ordered the appeal to be expedited.

Costs of the motion were reserved to the panel hearing the appeal and fixed at $5,000.

The moving party sought leave to register a certificate of pending litigation over residential property in support of a claim arising from an alleged unpaid private loan advanced for construction and improvements.

The court held the asserted restriction on sale pending repayment was purely contractual and did not create a proprietary interest in land.

The claim was characterized as one for debt or damages, not constructive trust, resulting trust, or specific performance.

In the alternative, the court held the equitable factors governing certificates of pending litigation also weighed against relief because damages were an adequate remedy, the amount outstanding remained uncertain, and registration could impede financing needed to complete construction.

The appellants appealed a summary judgment ordering repayment of funds advanced by the respondent and dismissing the appellants' counterclaim for defamation.

The Court of Appeal found no error in the motion judge's grant of summary judgment on the loan claim, his rejection of the non est factum defence, or his dismissal of the defamation counterclaim.

However, the court found that the issue of reverse corporate veil piercing to impose liability on the corporate appellants was not properly before the motion judge and may not have been fairly argued.

The appeal was allowed in part: the judgment against the corporate appellants was set aside and remitted for redetermination, but dismissed in all other respects.

The appellants appealed a trial judgment finding they unjustifiably terminated and repudiated a residential renovation contract.

The trial judge awarded the respondent contractor $105,804.92 plus costs.

On appeal, the appellants challenged the trial judge's exclusion of their proposed expert, interpretation of the contract, factual findings on completion percentage, and credibility assessments.

The Divisional Court dismissed the appeal, finding no errors of law or palpable and overriding errors in the trial judge's factual findings.

Leave to appeal the costs award was also denied.

The appellant tenant appealed a Landlord and Tenant Board order evicting her after a cooking fire caused extensive damage to the residential complex.

The tenant argued the Board breached procedural fairness by refusing to hear evidence that the landlord illegally locked her out of the unit after repairs were completed.

The Divisional Court allowed the appeal, finding that the Board's refusal to permit evidence of the alleged lockout prevented it from considering all circumstances as required by section 83(1) of the Residential Tenancies Act, 2006.

The eviction order was set aside and the matter remitted to the Board.

The moving party brought a motion for leave to appeal the unreported decision of J.R. McCarthy J. dated June 10, 2025.

The Divisional Court dismissed the motion for leave to appeal without costs.

The appellants sought an order under s. 110 of the Courts of Justice Act to transfer their appeal from the Court of Appeal for Ontario to the Divisional Court and to extend the time for serving and filing a notice of appeal.

The appeal arose from a construction contract dispute where the respondent contractor brought a lien action under the Construction Act after the appellants refused to pay the final invoice.

The trial judge awarded damages in favour of the respondent.

The appellants' counsel had filed the notice of appeal in the wrong court.

The motion judge found that the appellants satisfied the three criteria for transfer: arguable grounds of appeal, manageable prejudice to the respondent, and expeditious action once the jurisdictional error was discovered.

The appeal was transferred to the Divisional Court with an extended deadline for filing the notice of appeal.

The defendant Lijun Fang moved to dismiss the action under Rules 21.01(1)(b) and 25.11 on the grounds that the statement of claim disclosed no reasonable cause of action and was scandalous, frivolous, and an abuse of process.

The plaintiff claimed damages arising from the sale of a farm and disposition of proceeds, alleging that as a 50% beneficial owner, he suffered losses due to Fang's mismanagement as farm manager.

The court partially granted the motion, striking certain claims but allowing others to proceed with amendments.

The court found that the plaintiff had standing to sue despite being a partner rather than a corporation, and that claims for breach of fiduciary duty and punitive damages were not plain and obvious failures.

This decision concerns a dispute over the rightful board of directors of Visionary Holdings Inc. and allegations of fraud and oppression.

The court determined that the Board of Directors as it existed on March 25, 2025, is the lawful board until further order.

The court also found a prima facie case of oppressive conduct and ordered the appointment of an inspector under the Business Corporations Act.

The court granted injunctive relief restraining Fan Zhou from participating in management and 3888 Investment Group Limited from altering the board pending investigation.

The decision concerns claims by the plaintiffs to set aside various transfers of property, shares, and a trademark by the defendant Pooniah Soundrarajan to family members and related companies, on the basis that they were fraudulent conveyances intended to defeat creditors, and also claims of oppression and unjust enrichment.

The court reviews the evidence for badges of fraud, the timing and context of the transfers, and the adequacy of consideration.

The court grants a non-suit on the claim regarding the transfer of the matrimonial home but finds a prima facie case regarding the share and trademark transfers and oppression, ultimately declaring those transfers void as against the plaintiffs.

This costs endorsement addresses the aftermath of Remington Georgetown Inc.'s unsuccessful attempt to set aside an arbitration decision under the Ontario New Home Warranties Plan Act.

The court finds that both the set-aside application and a related Rule 14 application lacked merit, and that the respondent, Tarion Warranty Corporation, is entitled to full indemnity costs.

The court relies on the broad indemnity provision in the parties' Vendor Agreement and established case law regarding costs thrown away.

The endorsement also criticizes the applicant's unfounded allegations of arbitrator bias and concludes that the applicant must pay $212,000 in costs.

The appellant appealed a Small Claims Court order denying an adjournment of a trial.

At the appeal hearing, the appellant requested an adjournment because they had only ordered the trial transcripts that morning.

The Divisional Court denied the adjournment request due to the unexplained delay and prejudice to the respondent.

The court then dismissed the appeal entirely, finding that the appellant failed to perfect the appeal or provide the necessary transcripts and lower court reasons required to determine the issue.

The appellants appealed a summary judgment dismissing their action against the respondent builder.

The appellants had purchased a newly built home but failed to transfer the closing funds until 9 minutes past the 5:00 p.m. deadline on the extended closing date.

The respondent terminated the agreement relying on a 'time is of the essence' clause, but subsequently offered to revive the agreement for an additional $113,000, which the appellants paid.

The Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal, upholding the motion judge's findings that the 5:00 p.m. deadline was unambiguous, the termination was not unconscionable, the revival fee was part of a new contract rather than an impermissible penalty, and the appellants did not act under economic duress.

The court dismissed Remington Georgetown Inc.'s application to set aside an arbitration award under the Ontario New Home Warranties Plan Act.

The applicant, a residential developer, challenged the arbitrator’s decision on four grounds: excess of jurisdiction, procedural unfairness, bias, and failure to provide reasons.

The court found no merit in any of the grounds, holding that the arbitrator acted within her jurisdiction, provided adequate reasons, and that the applicant’s complaints were attempts to appeal the merits of the decision, which is not permitted under the Act or the arbitration agreement.

The court also addressed the admissibility of affidavit evidence and provided directions for costs submissions.

The moving party brought a motion for leave to appeal the decision of Parghi J. dated October 15, 2024.

The Divisional Court dismissed the motion for leave to appeal without costs.

The plaintiff, Carrie Wei, moved for summary judgment against the defendants (except Zhi Qiang Wang) for $700,000 plus 30% interest, and for dismissal of the counterclaim.

The court found that the loan agreement was clear, that the defendants failed to provide any credible defence or evidence, and that the corporate veil should be pierced due to fraudulent conduct.

The counterclaim for defamation was dismissed for lack of evidence.

Judgment was granted for the plaintiff, including costs.

The decision concerns a motion for summary judgment by the landlord, Parvaneh Ansari Ardabili, against tenants Norman J. Zak and Adina Zak for unpaid rent, utilities, and damages to a residential property.

The court found that the Superior Court had jurisdiction, that the tenants owed $40,250 in unpaid rent at the original lease rate, and awarded additional amounts for utilities and damages, plus costs.

The court clarified the application of the Residential Tenancies Act regarding rent increases and the effect of not challenging increases within the statutory period.

The appellant, Starkman Barristers, sought to appeal an interlocutory order from the Superior Court of Justice that referred their accounts for assessment under the Solicitor's Act.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario concluded it lacked jurisdiction over the proposed appeal because the order was interlocutory, not finally determining the real issue between the parties.

The court reiterated that appeals from interlocutory orders lie to the Divisional Court with leave.

The appeal was quashed.

The defendant law firm brought a motion to quash an order for assessment of its accounts obtained by the plaintiff, its former client.

The defendant argued the request for assessment was made outside the 30-day statutory period under the Solicitors Act and that no special circumstances existed to warrant assessment.

The plaintiff contended that new invoices brought the matter within the time frame or, alternatively, that special circumstances were present.

The court found that special circumstances, including a lack of detailed billing, inadequate communication regarding accounts, and concerns about overcharging, were sufficient to require the assessment of all accounts.

The defendant's motion was dismissed, and the order for assessment was allowed to proceed.

The plaintiff, as the successful self-represented litigant, was awarded $500 in costs.