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Self-defence under s. 34(2) of the Criminal Code is available to an initial aggressor.
The accused stabbed and killed the deceased during an altercation.
At trial for second degree murder, the accused claimed self-defence.
The trial judge instructed the jury that the self-defence justification under s. 34(2) of the Criminal Code was not available if the accused was the initial aggressor, reading in the words 'without having provoked the assault' from s. 34(1).
The accused was convicted of manslaughter.
The Court of Appeal ordered a new trial.
The Supreme Court of Canada dismissed the Crown's appeal, holding that s. 34(2) is clear on its face and is available to an initial aggressor.
The Court emphasized that ambiguous penal provisions must be interpreted in the manner most favourable to the accused.
Appeals dismissed and new trial ordered as trial judge improperly dealt with Charter section 7 violation.
The appellants appealed from the Ontario Court of Appeal's decision quashing a stay of proceedings on narcotics charges.
The Supreme Court of Canada dismissed the appeals, finding that the trial judge did not properly deal with the issue of whether section 7 of the Charter was violated and the appropriate remedy.
A new trial was ordered, with the accused permitted to renew their applications for a stay.