Eric R. Hoaken

The appellant appealed an order dismissing a motion for certification of a class proceeding against the respondents for alleged systemic negligence in connection with overcharging for electricity supply caused by a new billing system.

The Divisional Court upheld the motion judge's finding that there was no common harm to the class, as the alleged systemic negligence produced a multiplicity of errors that were harmful, neutral, or beneficial to different class members.

The court concluded that the proposed common issues were not substantial ingredients of each class member's claim and that a class action was not the preferable procedure.

The appeal was dismissed.

The plaintiffs in a class action alleging a price-fixing conspiracy in the foreign exchange market moved for approval of six settlements totaling $51.5 million.

The court reviewed the settlements in light of the estimated range of total damages, the litigation risks, and the value of the settling defendants' cooperation.

Finding the settlements to be fair, reasonable, and in the best interests of the class, the court approved the settlements.

The plaintiffs in a proposed class action alleging a conspiracy to fix prices in the FX Market brought a motion to certify the action for settlement purposes and approve settlements with four groups of defendants (Barclays, HSBC, RBS, and Standard Chartered PLC).

The court reviewed the motion record and found that all criteria for certification under s. 5 of the Class Proceedings Act, 1992 were satisfied, even with a less rigorous application in a settlement context.

The motion was granted, certifying the action for settlement purposes and approving the settlements.

The representative plaintiffs moved for approval of a $2.375 million settlement in a class action concerning the under-dosing of chemotherapy drugs at several hospitals.

The defendants, who supplied and administered the drugs, denied liability, arguing there was no evidence of clinical impact on patient outcomes and that the plaintiffs' psychological harm did not meet the legal threshold for a recognizable psychiatric illness.

The court approved the settlement, finding it fair, reasonable, and in the best interests of the class given the significant litigation risks, the lack of evidence showing clinical harm, and the recommendations of experienced class counsel.

The court also approved class counsel's requested fees of $400,000.

Following a successful motion by the defendants to prevent the plaintiffs from using extra-jurisdictional procedures to acquire documents from non-parties, the defendants sought partial indemnity costs of $75,365.38.

The plaintiffs argued for reduced costs of $15,000, citing the novelty and public interest of the issue under section 31 of the Class Proceedings Act, 1992.

The court rejected the plaintiffs' argument, finding the issue was not legally novel in a way that justified denying costs and noting the plaintiffs' conduct was improper.

The court awarded the defendants their costs as claimed.

In a proposed national class action alleging price-fixing in the foreign exchange market, the plaintiffs obtained an ex parte subpoena in the United States under 28 U.S.C. §1782 to compel pre-certification discovery from a non-party, Bloomberg LP.

The defendants brought a motion to enjoin the plaintiffs from taking any steps in furtherance of the subpoena without authorization from the Ontario court.

The court granted the motion, finding that the plaintiffs had circumvented Ontario's rules and jurisprudence regarding the discovery of non-parties and pre-certification discovery in class actions.

The court held that it has jurisdiction to control its own process and regulate the examination of non-parties for an Ontario action.

The representative plaintiff in a class action sought costs following a successful second motion under s. 5(1)(a) of the Class Proceedings Act and a subsequent consent certification.

The court awarded the plaintiff partial indemnity costs of $31,089 for the contested motion.

For the balance of the certification motion, the court ordered a hybrid costs award because the defendants did not communicate their consent in a timely fashion, fixing costs at $65,235, with one-third payable forthwith and two-thirds payable in the cause.

The plaintiffs brought a proposed class action alleging that the defendant financial institutions conspired to fix prices in the foreign exchange (FX) market.

The plaintiffs reached settlement agreements with three groups of defendants (Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan, and Citi) totaling $39.25 million.

The plaintiffs moved for an order certifying the action as a class proceeding for settlement purposes against these settling defendants and approving the notice plan.

The court found that the criteria for certification under section 5 of the Class Proceedings Act, 1992 were satisfied and granted the order.

The applicant, an Indigenous person, sought an urgent interim and interlocutory injunction to restrain the broadcast and display of the Cleveland Indians' team name and 'Chief Wahoo' logo during the American League Championship Series in Toronto, pending human rights complaints.

The court found there was a serious issue to be tried regarding whether the name and logo constituted discrimination in the provision of a service.

However, the court dismissed the application because the applicant failed to establish irreparable harm, noting the delay in bringing the application, and found the balance of convenience favoured the respondents due to the material prejudice of last-minute broadcast and uniform changes.

The plaintiffs brought a class action alleging that numerous financial institutions conspired to manipulate the foreign exchange market.

The plaintiffs reached early settlements with three groups of defendants (UBS, BNP, and Bank of America) totaling $15,950,000.

The plaintiffs sought court approval of the settlements and Class Counsel's fee request.

The court approved the settlements, finding them fair, reasonable, and in the best interests of the class, particularly given the litigation risks and the value of the settling defendants' cooperation.

The court also approved Class Counsel's fee request of $3,987,500 plus disbursements.

The defendants sought leave to appeal an interlocutory order approving the plaintiff's discovery plan in a class action for unpaid overtime.

The defendants argued the order conflicted with established principles of relevance in class actions.

The Divisional Court dismissed the motion, finding no reason to doubt the correctness of the motion judge's decision on relevance and concluding it was not desirable to grant leave.

The applicants, members of the Ontario Medical Association (OMA), brought a motion for interlocutory orders in a governance dispute concerning a proposed Physician Services Agreement (PSA).

They sought a new notice of general meeting, a revised proxy form, a comprehensive membership list including phone numbers, and the appointment of a neutral chair.

The court dismissed requests for a new notice of meeting, the expanded membership list, and a neutral chair, finding no strong case for intervention on those points.

However, the court granted the request to void the OMA's circulated proxy form, deeming it unhelpful, unclear, unbalanced, and unfair, and directed the OMA to prepare a revised form.

The court exercised its jurisdiction under sections 297 and 332 of the Corporations Act to ensure the fair conduct of the members' meeting and the integrity of the proxy system.

The applicants, cancer researchers at the University Health Network, sought judicial review of the hospital CEO's decision affirming an investigation committee's finding that they committed research misconduct.

The committee found the applicants guilty of falsification, fabrication, and material non-compliance, resulting in a suspension of their research activities.

The Divisional Court held that the CEO's decision was subject to judicial review and reviewable on a reasonableness standard.

The court quashed the findings of falsification and fabrication as unreasonable because the committee could not identify who altered the images.

However, the court upheld the finding of material non-compliance based on systemic flaws in the applicants' laboratory management.

The matter of sanction was remitted for reconsideration.

In CCAA proceedings involving a payday lending enterprise, class members in Ontario consumer class actions moved for approval of three settlement agreements forming part of a broader global resolution of litigation involving the debtor companies, their directors and officers, and related parties.

The settlements resolved certain class claims and partially resolved a third‑party lender claim, providing more than $10 million in recovery with potential participation in future litigation proceeds.

The court applied established settlement approval factors including likelihood of success, litigation risks, counsel recommendations, absence of objections, and arm’s‑length negotiations.

The court concluded that the settlements were fair, reasonable, and in the best interests of the class and the restructuring process.

In a bifurcated class action certification motion, the court considered whether unit-holders of a publicly traded real estate investment trust had pleaded viable causes of action arising from an allegedly conflicted property transaction that was later rescinded, causing a sharp drop in unit value.

The court held it was plain and obvious that officers and trustees did not owe fiduciary duties directly to unit-holders in the circumstances pleaded, and struck the fiduciary duty claims.

However, the breach of trust claims against certain trustees, grounded in the declaration of trust and the arguable ability of unit-holders to sue for dishonest or negligent breach of trustee obligations, were allowed to proceed.

The knowing assistance claim survived only against the former CEO, while similar claims against the vendor parties and their solicitors were struck for failure to plead active assistance in the trustee's breach.

Certification was dismissed as against the vendor parties and their solicitors.

The plaintiff, a unit-holder in a real estate investment trust (REIT), brought a proposed class action alleging that the REIT's former CEO and trustees breached their fiduciary duties and duties of trust by entering into an undisclosed related-party transaction.

On a bifurcated certification motion to determine if the pleadings disclosed a reasonable cause of action under s. 5(1)(a) of the Class Proceedings Act, the court struck the breach of fiduciary duty claims, finding that the defendants owed duties to the REIT but not to the unit-holders.

However, the court allowed the breach of trust claims against the trustees and the knowing assistance claim against the former CEO to proceed, while striking the knowing assistance claims against the vendor and the vendor's solicitors.

The defendants sought leave to appeal an order certifying a class proceeding for unpaid overtime on behalf of approximately 7,800 employees.

The defendants argued the certification decision conflicted with appellate authority regarding systemic practices and misclassification.

The Divisional Court dismissed the motion for leave to appeal, finding no conflicting decisions and no good reason to doubt the correctness of the motion judge's order, as the plaintiff had properly framed the case around a systemic policy rather than individual misclassification.

The plaintiff in a certified class action brought a motion to strike the defendants' reply factum filed on a motion for leave to appeal.

The plaintiff argued the reply factum violated Rule 61.03.1(11) of the Rules of Civil Procedure by re-arguing issues rather than responding to new issues.

The Divisional Court agreed, finding that the plaintiff's responding factum did not raise new issues but merely responded to the defendants' original arguments.

The motion was granted, the reply factum was struck, and costs of $5,000 were awarded to the plaintiff.

The plaintiffs brought a proposed class action alleging a price-fixing conspiracy regarding lithium ion batteries.

Two foreign defendants, NEC Corporation and NEC Tokin Corporation, brought a motion to stay or dismiss the action against them for lack of jurisdiction simpliciter.

The court granted the motion, finding that the plaintiffs failed to establish a good arguable case that the moving defendants carried on business in Ontario or committed the tort of conspiracy in Ontario, as there was no evidence that their batteries reached Ontario through normal channels of trade or that they participated in acts causing damage in Ontario.

This costs decision followed a successful certification motion in a proposed class proceeding.

The moving party sought substantial indemnity costs after the date of a Rule 49 offer, arguing that the certification result met or exceeded the offer terms.

The court accepted that submission, adjusted counsel hourly rates to conform with the costs grid, removed a legal research disbursement, reviewed comparable historical certification costs awards, and fixed fair and reasonable costs at $175,000 all-inclusive.

After deducting prior costs awarded to the responding parties on a refusals motion, the court ordered payment of $161,500 forthwith.