Michael Ernest McCulloch

The Attorney General of Canada sought summary judgment to dismiss a claim by Atikameksheng Anishnawbek First Nation, arguing that their request to re-delineate reserve boundaries constituted a collateral attack and abuse of process on a 1889 judgment (Francis).

The First Nation argued the Francis decision was unfair as they were not an equal party.

The court dismissed Canada's motion, exercising its residual discretion to allow the claim to proceed to trial, emphasizing that while re-litigation doctrines are important, justice and reconciliation, particularly for Indigenous rights, can override them when there was a structural unfairness in prior proceedings.

This costs endorsement addresses the entitlement of the Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation and Saugeen First Nation (SON) to costs from Ontario following a partially successful appeal.

SON had sued Canada and Ontario for Aboriginal title to submerged lands and for breaches of fiduciary duty.

The Court of Appeal allowed SON’s title claim appeal to the extent of remitting the matter back to the trial judge for a determination on a more limited portion of the claim area, while dismissing their treaty claim appeal.

SON had settled costs with Canada and was not seeking costs for the treaty claim.

The court found that SON was the overall successful party on the title claim appeal against Ontario, as they obtained the relief sought (remittal), and Ontario's position was to dismiss the claim entirely.

The quantum of costs sought by SON was deemed reasonable given the complexity and public importance of the appeal.

This decision addresses a motion for intervener status in an appeal concerning novel issues of Aboriginal title to submerged lands and the public right of navigation.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario granted intervener status to four Indigenous communities, finding they could make a useful contribution to the appeal.

The order stipulated that interveners could not raise new issues and that affidavits filed in support of the motions were for contextual purposes only, not for adjudicative facts.

The 12th Case Management Conference addressed the timetable for expert reports and pleading amendments in a complex Indigenous litigation.

The Plaintiff sought a simultaneous exchange of expert reports, arguing for procedural reciprocity and efficiency.

The Defendants advocated for a sequential timetable, asserting it would allow them to better understand and respond to the Plaintiff's case, aligning with common practice in similar complex litigation.

The court adopted the Defendants' sequential timetable for expert reports, finding no basis to deviate from established practice in complex land claims.

The court also granted leave for the Plaintiff to amend its Statement of Claim, with the formal filing deferred due to COVID-19 court closures.

The 11th Case Management Conference addressed the trial process and timetable for a complex action involving historic evidence.

The parties agreed to a bifurcated trial but disagreed on the degree of bifurcation.

The plaintiff proposed a four-phase structure (two liability, two remedies/crossclaims), while the defendants proposed a two-phase structure (all liability in Phase 1, all remedies/crossclaims in Phase 2).

The court adopted the two-phase structure, finding it more efficient and less prone to inconsistencies, while reserving the right for parties to seek further refinement at the pre-trial stage.

A detailed timetable for pleadings, discovery, and documentary production was also established to keep the action on track for a 2022 trial.

This endorsement addresses two motions to intervene in a land claim action brought by the Cree Nation of Eeyou Istchee against the Crown.

The Moose Cree First Nation sought to intervene as a necessary party, claiming exclusive Aboriginal title to a portion of the disputed lands.

The Nishnawbe Aski Nation (NAN), a political territorial organization representing 49 First Nations, sought to intervene as an added party, asserting a general interest in the interpretation and application of Treaty #9.

The court granted the Moose Cree First Nation status as a necessary party without conditions under Rule 5.03, acknowledging its direct territorial claim.

The Nishnawbe Aski Nation was granted status as a friend of the court under Rule 13.02, with specific limitations on its participation, as it lacked a direct or immediate interest in the substance of the claim independent of its members.

The court emphasized the complexity of multi-lateral disputes between First Nations in the context of reconciliation.