Roderick S.W. Winsor

On January 8, 2020, Ukraine International Airlines flight PS752 was shot down by Iranian air defence missiles shortly after takeoff from Tehran, killing all 176 persons aboard.

The trial judge found that UIA breached the standard of care by failing to conduct a proper security risk assessment in accordance with ICAO 10084 (Risk Assessment Manual for Civil Aircraft Operations Over or Near Conflict Zones).

Specifically, UIA failed to access necessary and available information, failed to conduct a hazard identification and safety assessment, and failed to communicate with the flight commander before departure.

As a result, UIA's liability under the Montreal Convention was unlimited rather than capped at approximately $235,000 per passenger.

The appellate court dismissed UIA's appeal, finding no palpable and overriding error in the trial judge's findings of fact or mixed fact and law.

The plaintiffs brought actions against Ukraine International Airlines (UIA) under the Montreal Convention following the shoot-down of Flight PS752 by Iranian military surface-to-air missiles shortly after takeoff from Tehran.

UIA admitted the shoot-down was an 'accident' under the Convention, making it strictly liable, but sought to limit its liability by proving it was not negligent in allowing the flight to depart.

The Superior Court of Justice found that UIA failed to meet the standard of care for a reasonable airline operating in or near a conflict zone, as it did not conduct a proper security threat risk assessment or any safety risk assessment, and failed to gather available intelligence or brief the flight commander.

The court held that UIA failed to prove its negligence did not cause the passengers' deaths or that the harm was too remote, resulting in unlimited liability for the airline.

The defendants, Clyde Zhang and City of Vaughan, brought a motion under Rule 2.1.01(6) of the Rules of Civil Procedure to dismiss the plaintiff's action as frivolous, vexatious, or an abuse of process.

The plaintiff, Xiao Hong Ye, had filed a claim alleging nuisance from an outdoor condenser unit owned by Zhang and negligence/breach of duty of care by the City of Vaughan for failing to enforce by-laws.

The court, applying the robust interpretation of Rule 2.1, found that the plaintiff's claim presented a possible action and was not one of the 'clearest of cases' warranting dismissal at this preliminary stage.

The court refused to grant the defendants' requested relief, noting that other remedies were available to address potential limitation issues or lack of duty of care.

This endorsement from a case conference outlines a revised schedule for a class action proceeding.

The previous schedule for a certification motion was disrupted, necessitating a motion to amend the Statement of Claim.

The court approved a new timeline, setting dates for the service of motion records, cross-examinations, factum exchanges, and hearings for both the amendment motion (September 10, 2020) and the certification motion (November 26, 2020).