Jiwan Son

Air Canada appealed a Small Claims Court decision awarding damages to three passengers for delayed flights and denied boarding.

The Divisional Court first quashed the appeals against two of the passengers, holding that the $3,500 monetary threshold for appeals under s. 31(a) of the Courts of Justice Act applies to each plaintiff individually, not in aggregate.

Regarding the remaining passenger, the court dismissed Air Canada's arguments that the trial judge erred in applying the Montreal Convention and the Air Passenger Protection Regulations (APPR).

The court found that damages were properly awarded for delay under Article 19 of the Montreal Convention, and that standard compensation under s. 19 of the APPR was appropriate because Air Canada failed to offer alternative travel arrangements.

On January 8, 2020, Ukraine International Airlines flight PS752 was shot down by Iranian air defence missiles shortly after takeoff from Tehran, killing all 176 persons aboard.

The trial judge found that UIA breached the standard of care by failing to conduct a proper security risk assessment in accordance with ICAO 10084 (Risk Assessment Manual for Civil Aircraft Operations Over or Near Conflict Zones).

Specifically, UIA failed to access necessary and available information, failed to conduct a hazard identification and safety assessment, and failed to communicate with the flight commander before departure.

As a result, UIA's liability under the Montreal Convention was unlimited rather than capped at approximately $235,000 per passenger.

The appellate court dismissed UIA's appeal, finding no palpable and overriding error in the trial judge's findings of fact or mixed fact and law.

Air carriers challenged federal regulations providing standardized compensation to passengers for flight delays, cancellations, denial of boarding, and lost or damaged baggage, arguing the regulations conflicted with the exclusivity principle in Article 29 of the Montreal Convention as implemented by the Carriage by Air Act and were therefore ultra vires the Canadian Transportation Agency's regulation-making authority under the Canada Transportation Act.

The Supreme Court held that the exclusivity principle applies only to 'actions for damages' that share the characteristics of judicial proceedings seeking individualized compensation tied to injury caused by another.

Because the impugned regulations create a consumer protection scheme providing standardized statutory entitlements irrespective of harm actually suffered, they do not constitute 'actions for damages' and do not fall within Article 29's scope.

The Court also clarified that the Mohan framework governs admissibility of expert evidence on questions of international law.

Appeal dismissed.

The plaintiffs brought actions against Ukraine International Airlines (UIA) under the Montreal Convention following the shoot-down of Flight PS752 by Iranian military surface-to-air missiles shortly after takeoff from Tehran.

UIA admitted the shoot-down was an 'accident' under the Convention, making it strictly liable, but sought to limit its liability by proving it was not negligent in allowing the flight to depart.

The Superior Court of Justice found that UIA failed to meet the standard of care for a reasonable airline operating in or near a conflict zone, as it did not conduct a proper security threat risk assessment or any safety risk assessment, and failed to gather available intelligence or brief the flight commander.

The court held that UIA failed to prove its negligence did not cause the passengers' deaths or that the harm was too remote, resulting in unlimited liability for the airline.

This decision concerns the approval of a class action settlement and associated legal fees and honoraria following an aircraft accident.

The class action arose from a November 9, 2018 incident where Fly Jamaica Flight OJ 256 made an emergency landing, resulting in substantial damage and passenger injuries.

After extensive negotiations, a $5,550,000.00 lump sum settlement was reached.

The court approved the settlement agreement, certified the action against newly added defendants for settlement purposes, approved class counsel's fees of 25% of the settlement amount plus disbursements, and approved a $5,000 honorarium for each representative plaintiff.

The court found the settlement to be within the range of reasonableness and the fees to be fair and reasonable.