Brian Graci was charged with willfully doing an indecent act in a public place, contrary to section 173(1) of the Criminal Code.
The actus reus was undisputed: Graci masturbated in a public courtyard, observed by a witness.
The central issue was the mens rea: whether "willfully" required an intent to be seen, or if indifference or recklessness as to the presence of others was sufficient.
The court, after reviewing conflicting authorities, adopted the latter interpretation, finding that Graci's actions, performed in a public area with medium traffic and facing an office building, demonstrated indifference or recklessness.
Consequently, Graci was found guilty.