Lucan Gregory

The plaintiffs in three related class actions regarding administrative segregation brought a consent motion to vary the Distribution and Issues Protocol to address late claims.

The Ontario Superior Court of Justice and the Superior Court of Québec jointly approved the consent order, granting leave for certain class members to file late claims and setting out the process for distributing compensation to those claimants.

This is Part 6 of a joint decision concerning the ongoing administration of multi-jurisdictional class actions (Ontario and Quebec) against the Attorney General of Canada regarding administrative segregation.

The parties brought a joint, consensual motion to amend sections 10.1 and 11.2 of the Distribution and Individual Issues Protocol.

The amendments aim to resolve issues arising from "BRG Crossover" claimants (those with placements in both Ontario and Quebec) and misallocated claimants, by allowing claimants to elect the court (Ontario or Quebec) that will review their claims, provided there is a connection to that jurisdiction.

The court approved the amendments, finding them to be in the best interests of class members and conducive to cost-effective and expeditious claim determination.

This is Part 7 of a joint decision by the Ontario Superior Court of Justice and the Superior Court of Québec concerning multi-jurisdictional class actions (Brazeau, Reddock, Gallone).

The decision addresses a consensual motion by the parties to streamline the payment process for "Track 2, Box 1 only Claims" under the previously approved Distribution and Individual Issues Protocol.

The courts approved an order confirming that payments to class members, class counsel, and the Class Proceedings Fund will be made periodically (every 75 days after a cut-off date) without requiring further motions for confirmation, thereby enhancing judicial economy and access to justice.

The parties in three related class actions regarding administrative segregation sought the courts' approval for consensual amendments to the Distribution and Individual Issues Protocol.

The amendments aimed to streamline the claims process, implement an estates protocol, adjust damages calculations, and expedite the payment of aggregate damages to eligible class members.

The Ontario Superior Court of Justice and the Superior Court of Québec jointly approved the proposed amendments, finding them to be in the best interests of the class members and the most efficient means of adjudicating individual issues.

The applicants, an elderly Tamil couple from Sri Lanka, applied for judicial review of a Refugee Appeal Division (RAD) decision rejecting their refugee claim.

The RAD found they did not have a well-founded fear of persecution.

The Federal Court held the RAD did not breach procedural fairness by declining to assess credibility arguments, as it assumed the applicants' factual allegations were true.

However, the Court found the RAD's assessment of the applicants' residual forward-looking fear unreasonable because the RAD failed to consider the cumulative impact of their profile elements, specifically the combination of being failed refugees and having a son-in-law in the media with alleged LTTE ties.

The application for judicial review was allowed and the matter remitted for redetermination.

The Law Foundation of Ontario brought a motion for directions regarding its statutory authority to administer the Class Proceedings Fund during the individual issues stage of a class action.

The court held that the Law Foundation has the statutory authority to provide litigation support and adverse costs protection for individual issues trials, but is not obliged to do so even if it funded the common issues stage.

Furthermore, the court determined that the Law Foundation's statutory levy applies to all recoveries, including individual issues judgments, regardless of whether it provides funding for that specific stage.

The moving parties, who were inmates placed in administrative segregation after the opt-out deadline in a class action against Canada, brought a motion to opt out of the class action.

The motion became moot when the parties agreed to amend the class definition and provide a new opt-out period.

The moving parties sought costs for the unargued motion.

The court found that the motion was unnecessary because the moving parties were not class members to begin with, and ordered the costs of the motion to be in the cause of their external individual actions against Canada.

The Ontario Superior Court of Justice and the Superior Court of Québec issued a joint decision in three related class actions against the Attorney General of Canada.

Following the approval of a Distribution and Individual Issues Protocol, the parties sought approval for minor typographical corrections and various translated administrative documents, including notice forms and claim forms.

The courts approved the corrections and the submitted documents, and directed the parties to submit the claims administrator's terms of appointment once finalized.

The parties in three related class actions regarding administrative segregation in federal penitentiaries sought court approval for a revised Distribution and Individual Issues Protocol, notices, and forms.

The courts approved the documents but revised the proposed opt-out procedure to ensure that all putative class members detained in administrative segregation after December 12, 2016, who had not previously had an opportunity to opt out, were granted a first-time opportunity to do so.

The applicants sought judicial review of a RAD decision dismissing their refugee appeal based on credibility issues regarding their alleged conversion to Christianity.

The Court found the RAD reasonably concluded the applicants did not convert in Iran due to omissions in the principal applicant's narrative, her inability to describe security measures at her secret home church, and a lack of corroborating evidence from the friends who introduced her to the religion.

The dismissal of the sur place claim was also reasonable as there was no evidence Iranian authorities were aware of the applicants' church attendance in Canada, which was found to be an attempt to bolster their claim.

The applicant, a citizen of Nigeria, applied for judicial review of a Refugee Appeal Division (RAD) decision dismissing his appeal from a Refugee Protection Division (RPD) decision denying his claim for refugee protection.

The claim was based on fear of persecution from his uncle over an inheritance dispute.

The RPD and RAD rejected the claim due to credibility concerns arising from material omissions in the applicant's Basis of Claim narrative compared to his oral testimony, specifically regarding his uncle's influence with authorities, threats to kill, and direct confrontation.

The Federal Court found the RAD's negative credibility inferences drawn from these discrepancies to be reasonable.

The application for judicial review was dismissed.

This is Part 2 of a joint decision by the Ontario Superior Court of Justice and the Superior Court of Québec concerning the Brazeau, Reddock, and Gallone class actions.

The courts finalized and approved the Distribution and Individual Issues Protocol, which governs the distribution of the aggregate damages award and the procedures for determining individual issues.

The decision addresses submissions from the parties on a provisional draft protocol and resolves a late-arriving dispute between Class Counsel and the Law Foundation of Ontario regarding funding for the individual issues phase by deleting contentious provisions.

This appeal concerned two class actions (Brazeau and Reddock) brought by federal inmates challenging the legality of administrative segregation practices.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario upheld the motion judge's finding of liability against Canada for breaches of ss. 7 and 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, concluding that the prolonged administrative segregation practices constituted cruel and unusual punishment and lacked independent review.

The court found that Canada's failure to alter its policies despite long-standing criticism met the "clear disregard for Charter rights" threshold for awarding damages.

However, the court set aside the motion judge's order in Brazeau to use aggregate damages for structural changes to penal institutions, deeming it an unjustifiable assumption of judicial control and a misinterpretation of the Class Proceedings Act.

The court also overturned the finding of systemic negligence in Reddock, concluding that Charter damages were the more appropriate remedy.

The appeals were allowed in part, with the Brazeau damages remitted for re-determination and the Reddock negligence finding reversed.

Following a successful summary judgment motion in a class action regarding administrative segregation in federal penitentiaries, the representative plaintiff sought partial indemnity costs of $1,235,590.33.

The defendant argued the costs were excessive and duplicative of work done in a concurrent class action involving mentally ill inmates.

The court rejected the defendant's argument that the work was largely duplicative, noting the cases were distinct and the defendant had tenaciously defended both.

The court made a modest reduction of $113,000 for some overlapping settlement discussions and awarded the plaintiff $1,122,590.33 in costs.

The plaintiff brought a summary judgment motion in a class action against the Federal Government regarding the use of prolonged administrative segregation in federal penitentiaries.

The court found that the Federal Government breached the class members' rights under sections 7 and 12 of the Charter by placing them in administrative segregation for more than 15 days, and that these breaches were not saved by section 1.

The court also found the Federal Government liable for systemic negligence.

The court awarded $20 million in aggregate Charter damages for vindication, deterrence, and compensation, to be distributed equally among the class members, while dismissing the claim for class-wide punitive damages.

In a certified class action, the Attorney General of Canada moved for an order adjourning a summary judgment motion sine die, pending the outcome of appeals in two related cases concerning administrative segregation.

Canada argued that an adjournment would prevent duplication of resources, inconsistencies in law, and allow for streamlining of issues, consistent with the Courts of Justice Act.

The plaintiff opposed the adjournment, citing substantial prejudice due to delay after two years of litigation.

The court refused the adjournment, finding that proceeding with the summary judgment motion was more efficient and fair, as the evidentiary record was complete, and the case should be decided based on existing law.

The court emphasized that an adjournment would waste prior work and add to costs, and that justice delayed is justice denied.