Court of Appeal for Ontario
Between:
Her Majesty the Queen
Respondent
and
Daniel Dene (a.k.a. Dinel Dene) and Julian Telfer
Appellants
Before: Goudge, Sharpe and Gillese JJ.A.
Counsel:
Jill Presser, (duty counsel) for the appellants
Emile A. Carrington, for the respondent
Heard: November 17, 2010
Appeals from the convictions entered on January 7, 2010 and the sentences imposed on January 29, 2010 by Justice John F. Hamilton of the Superior Court of Justice.
ENDORSEMENT
1The central issue at trial and on this appeal is whether the appellants’ ss. 8 and 9 Charter rights were breached and, if there were Charter breaches, whether the evidence that the appellants were carrying handguns should be excluded under s. 24(2).
2Despite the very skilful argument advanced by Ms. Presser, acting as duty counsel on behalf of both appellants, we are not persuaded that the evidence at issue was obtained in breach of ss. 8 and/or 9, and even if it was, that it should be excluded under s. 24(2).
3The appellants challenge the trial judge’s finding that the police had reasonable and probable grounds for arrest and that the police therefore were entitled to conduct the personal searches at issue.
4Assuming, without deciding, that the police did not have reasonable and probable grounds to arrest the appellants, there was still ample evidence to support a valid investigative detention of both appellants. Their behaviour in the taxi was suspicious and evasive. Their posture and body movements indicated that they could be carrying concealed weapons or drugs. Finally, and most significantly, their flight from the police when the taxi stopped, combined with their earlier behaviour, provided the police with grounds for an investigative detention.
5The trial judge found that the police conducted a “pat down” search of Telfer and a “cursory” search of Dene. These findings bring both searches within the category of “a protective pat-down search of the detained individual” to ensure officer safety that is permitted in the context of an investigative detention: R. v. Mann, 2004 SCC 52, [2004] 3 S.C.R. 59 at para. 45
6Finally, even if, as the appellants submit, the searches exceeded what would be permitted in the context of an investigative detention, we would not interfere with the trial judge's conclusion that the evidence should not be excluded under s. 24(2). Putting the appellants’ case at its highest, the searches barely exceeded the permissible limits. The Charter-infringing state conduct was not serious; the impact of the breach on the Charter-protected interests of the appellants was minor; and the state’s interest in adjudication of the case on the merits is high.
7We see no merit in Telfer’s submission that the trial judge should have recused himself on grounds of reasonable apprehension of bias. The trial judge indicated his tentative views only to prompt debate on the Charter issue and a reasonable observer would conclude that his mind remained open to argument and persuasion.
8We see no basis upon which we can interfere with the sentences of 8 years for Telfer and 5½ years for Dean before credit for pre-trial custody. While these sentences appear to us to be at the high end for these offenders and these offences, we see no error of principle that would justify appellate interference.
9The trial judge took into account the youth of both appellants. This is a situation where Parliament has prescribed a minimum term and a penitentiary sentence was inevitable. Both appellants had prior criminal records. Telfer’s record includes a prior weapons conviction which triggered a minimum five-year sentence. While Dene’s record was considerably less serious, it did include a prior conviction for drug trafficking and the offences were committed in an area plagued by drug dealing and handguns. We are unable to accept the submission that the sentences imposed amounted to an unjustified “jump” from the previous sentences imposed upon these offenders.
10Accordingly the appeal from conviction is dismissed. Leave to appeal sentence is granted but the sentence appeal is dismissed.
“S.T. Goudge J.A.”
“Robert J. Sharpe J.A.”
“E.E. Gillese J.A.”
