On a contempt motion arising from repeated denial of child access, the court considered whether a custodial parent may rely on a 12-year-old child's refusal to attend visits with the access parent.
Applying the contempt test, the court held that an earlier order lacked the clarity required for contempt, but a later order directing a specific drop-off date, time, and location was clear and unequivocal.
The court found beyond a reasonable doubt that the mother deliberately and wilfully failed to comply by leaving the access decision to the child rather than exercising normal parental authority.
A finding of contempt was made, with sanction to be determined later.