The appellant appealed his conviction, arguing that the trial judge erred in instructing the jury on the co-conspirator's exception to the hearsay rule and the doctrine of reasonable doubt.
The Supreme Court of Canada dismissed the appeal, agreeing with the Court of Appeal that while the trial judge erred in the hearsay instruction, the error did not occasion a substantial wrong or miscarriage of justice.
The jury must have accepted the credibility of a key witness, meaning the verdict would necessarily have been the same even with proper instructions.
