R. v. Althorpe, 2026 ONSC 1820

R. v. Althorpe, 2026 ONSC 1820

COURT FILE NO.: CR-24-90000280-0000

DATE: 20260327

ONTARIO

SUPERIOR COURT OF JUSTICE

B E T W E E N:

HIS MAJESTY THE KING

• and -

Matthew Althorpe and KRISTOFFER NIPPAK

COUNSEL:

A. Pashuk, D. Lumba and C. G. Walsh, for the Crown

R. MacDonald and K. Manas-Chmielowski, for Mr. Althorpe

HEARD: October 9, November 5, December 16, 2025; January 30, 2026

KELLY J.

Reasons for sentence OF Matthew Althorpe

1On October 9, 2025, Mr. Matthew Althorpe pleaded guilty to three terrorism offences as follows:

a. Facilitating terrorist activity, contrary to s. 83.19(1) of the Criminal Code, R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46, by participating in the production or publication of videos. (Count 2)

b. Instructing persons to carry out terrorist activity, contrary to s. 83.22 of the Criminal Code by instructing persons to commit terrorist offences. (Count 5)

c. Communicating statements that wilfully promote hatred contrary to s. 319(2) of the Criminal Code, thereby committing an offence contrary to s. 83.2 of the Criminal Code. (Count 7)

2Mr. Althorpe now appears before me for sentencing.

Positions of the Parties

3The Federal Crown seeks a global sentence of 20 years’ imprisonment. Counsel for Mr. Althorpe submits that the appropriate sentence is 12 to 14 years imprisonment.

4Counsel agree that Mr. Althorpe should receive credit for pre-sentence custody pursuant to R. v. Summers¹ and s. 719(3.1) of the Criminal Code. Further, counsel for Mr. Althorpe submits that he should receive credit for the harsh conditions in which he served his pre-sentence custody, pursuant to the principles in R. v. Duncan.²

5Counsel also agree that Mr. Althorpe should be subject to the following ancillary orders: (i) a weapons prohibition, pursuant to s. 109 of the Criminal Code for life; (ii) that he provide a sample of his DNA; (iii) that he be subject to a non-communication order, pursuant to s. 743.21 of the Criminal Code; and (iv) forfeiture.³

6The Federal Crown also submits that Mr. Althorpe should not be permitted to apply for parole before he has served one half of his sentence, pursuant to s. 743.6 (1.2) of the Criminal Code. Counsel for Mr. Althorpe does not agree.

Result

7Mr. Althorpe is sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment (240 months), less 48 months’ credit, for a remaining period of imprisonment of 16 years (192 months) to be served. The ancillary orders are granted. Mr. Althorpe will not be required to wait until he has served one-half of his sentence to apply for parole, pursuant to s. 743.6 (1.2) of the Criminal Code.

8What follows are my reasons.

Nature of the Proceedings

9Mr. Althorpe’s involvement in the above-mentioned offences and others was set out in a detailed Agreed Statement of Facts (“ASF”). Mr. Althorpe admitted all facts, including the facts necessary to establish guilt for other offences on the indictment (i.e., Counts 1, 3, 4, 6 and 8).⁴ Various videos and photographs were shown during the proceeding, included as part of the ASF.

10A Pre-sentence Report (“PSR”) was filed. At the request of counsel for Mr. Althorpe, I ordered that Mr. Althorpe participate in a Mental Health Assessment pursuant to s. 21 of the Mental Health Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. M.7. It was authored by Dr. Alina Iosif⁵ and filed without objection.

11Several community impact statements were produced, filed and read during the sentencing proceeding. Many letters were provided by Mr. Althorpe’s community. Mr. Althorpe addressed the Court, pursuant to s. 726 of the Criminal Code.

Factual Background

12In June 2022, the RCMP began investigating Ontario residents it believed were associated with the neo-Nazi militant accelerationist group, Atomwaffen Division (“AWD”), and involved in the creation of three AWD propaganda and recruitment videos.

13Militant accelerationism is an inherently violent ideology centered on the belief that western society and liberal democratic systems of government are irreparably decadent, corrupt, and on the verge of collapse. Militant accelerationists believe there is no political solution. They aim to accelerate societal collapse through acts of terrorism that are intended to provoke a race war. Their goal is to replace society with a white ethnostate.

14AWD was an international, militant, accelerationist, neo-Nazi terror group that called for acts of violence against racial, religious, and ethnic groups as well as informants, police, and bureaucrats to precipitate the collapse of society. Terrorgram, also investigated, has been described as a terrorist organization whose main purpose was the facilitation of terrorist activity. AWD and Terrorgram have been officially designated as terrorist organizations by various governments, including Canada’s.

15The RCMP investigation discovered that since at least 2018, Mr. Althorpe had been a leading proponent of militant accelerationism both online and in real life (“irl”). The investigation revealed the following about Mr. Althorpe.

a. The Videos

16Mr. Althorpe participated in the filming, editing, and publication of three AWD videos on the social media messaging service Telegram. They include the following:

i. Fission: A Reckoning of Modernity is video, of approximately five-minutes, depicting eight armed men wearing skull masks soliciting new recruits and calling for extreme violence against racial minorities, police, government officials, and other groups. An Israeli flag is burned in the video.

ii. Feuernacht is a 43-second video showing men wearing skull masks depicted around a fire burning religious texts (a copy of the Hebrew scriptures and a copy of the Quran) and a rainbow flag. A swastika appears as the participants perform “Sieg Heil” salutes. It, too, invites people to join the division to “burn it all and purge the weak”.

iii. Galizien – Grey Zone is a video that depicts men wearing skull masks and carrying weapons engraved with the St. Michael’s cross, a symbol adopted by White supremacists.

b. Publications

17Mr. Althorpe was instrumental in creating three influential publications on behalf of Terrorgram, a network of Telegram channels promoting militant accelerationism, and publishing them to a wide audience on Telegram. Mr. Althorpe branded each publication as “a Terrorgram publication”. The three publications were: (i) Militant Accelerationism (released June 16, 2021, 136 pages); (ii) Do It for the ‘Gram (released December 18, 2021, 268 pages); and (iii) The Hard Reset (released July 14, 2022, 261 pages). Each advocated violence, including the sabotage of critical infrastructure, the murder of police officers, high-profile assassinations, and mass casualty attacks. They also provided tactical guidance. The publications also contained references to AWD. For example:

Militant Accelerationism encourages readers to call in false reports to law enforcement and, when they respond, to ambush them.

Do It for the ‘Gram suggests that the reader “commit a large-scale crime such as arson or a shooting and then leave disease, or virus-laced items at the scene for the detectives and investigators to find”.

The Hard Reset provides detailed guidance on how to “attack a large public event” and reads, “Kill important people. Kill a lot of people. (Ideally both – it’s possible with enough planning.) … Cause devastation so severe it cannot be ignored. Inflict lasting damage that time won’t heal.”⁶

18Mr. Althorpe made statements with the intention of promoting hatred against Jewish, Muslim, LGBTQ+, Black, and Indian persons. For example:

Militant Accelerationism advises that “if we cannot win the race war by raising our demographics and we cannot, then it stands to reason that we can only win the race war by decreasing and indeed eliminating the demographics of the invaders races”.

Do It for the ‘Gram encourages killing Jewish persons to “erase their identity”.

The Hard Reset contains several anti-Semitic and racist passages that promote genocide of Jewish persons, inciting hate against them and other identifiable groups, including “gay” persons. It calls for the “total death” of Black persons and hatred for those of Indian descent.

19The directions given by Mr. Althorpe in his manifestos had their desired effect. The ASF provides that at least six attacks on, or plots to attack people, or critical infrastructure had been inspired by Terrorgram Collective publications. They may be summarized as follows:

October 12, 2022: Mr. Juraj Krajcik opened fire outside an LGBTQ+ bar in Bratislava, Slovakia. He killed two people before killing himself. In a manifesto he released, he thanked the Terrorgram Collective and recommended publications to his readers.

November 2022: A 16-year-old killed four and wounded 12 people in an attack that has been linked, by Brazilian authorities, to the influence of Terrorgram.

July 11, 2024: Mr. Andrew Takshitov solicited an undercover agent to attack an electrical substation in New Jersey. He sent the agent instructions on how to do so. Included was a copy of The Hard Reset.

August 12, 2024: Mr. Arda Kucukyetim was arrested after five people were stabbed at a mosque in Turkiye. Before he did so, he released a manifesto and a folder with PDFs of White supremacist and accelerationist texts, some of which were from the Terrorgram publications. He described them as “useful” for those wanting to plan their own attacks.

November 4, 2024: Mr. Sylar Phillipi was arrested attempting to attack a Nashville energy system with a drone loaded with explosives. He was a former AWD member. He advised an undercover agent that he was inspired, in part, by Terrorgram. He, too, wrote a manifesto quoting Terrorgram content.

January 25, 2025: A 17-year-old in Nashville Tennessee opened fire on students in a high school cafeteria. He killed one person and injured another before taking his own life. The attacker left a manifesto that included quotes and express references to the Terrorgram publications, including Do it for the ‘Gram, Militant Accelerationism, and The Hard Reset.⁷

c. The Active Club

20After Mr. Althorpe stepped away from AWD and Terrorgram, he focused his attention on leading his own neo-Nazi cell. He became a leader of the “Active Club”, a neo-Nazi “fight club”. Former members of the AWD were members.

21In October 2019, Mr. Althorpe had a conversation on the CiBullyBoysAlley Terrorgram channel. He asked the other user, “A bunch of people on their farms way off wherever are gonna take down a multinational banking and media cabal of Jews? You might make more future warriors but don't act like you're single handedly doing it.” The other user answered, “I’m unironically thinking Nazi fight clubs are the only way to settle these issues.” Mr. Althorpe responded, “I do this irl.” It appears that Mr. Althorpe remained a member of Active Club until 2022.

d. Seizure of Paraphernalia

22During the execution of search warrants at five residences, including Mr. Althorpe’s residence, investigators seized clothing, books, patches, and flags that demonstrated Mr. Althorpe’s and his associates’ Nazi and fascist ideological beliefs. Investigators also seized multiple firearms and 53 electronic devices containing raw footage from at least one of the AWD videos, showing Mr. Althorpe’s participation. The devices also contained early drafts of Militant Accelerationism, Do It for the ‘Gram, and The Hard Reset, as well as notes and communications showing that Mr. Althorpe was directly involved in writing, producing, and publishing them.

Community Impact Statements

23Various community impact statements were filed. They may be summarized as follows:

Alliance of Canadians Combatting Antisemitism: This community’s impact statement consolidated submissions from several Jewish organizations⁸. It observed that Mr. Althorpe’s conduct “ripped a gaping hole in the fabric of our free and democratic society”. His actions “created fear across the Jewish community”. It describes that the “trauma of antisemitism, whether overt or coded, political or conspirational, is not academic … It is lived, carried, and felt across generations”. Mr. Althorpe’s’ conduct is a “deeply personal violation of dignity and security”. It has created “profound alarm and deep concern about public safety”. Mr. Althorpe’s conduct threatens the “safety and belonging in the community”. The videos distributed widely were “crafted to shock, intimidate, and radicalize”, calling upon the “genocide of Jews” and causing damage that will persist indefinitely. Mr. Althorpe has attacked the dignity and impacted the safety of “gender diverse people and gender diverse Jews”. In summary, Mr. Althorpe’s conduct has “contributed to a climate in which Jewish people feel less safe in their own country, their own neighbourhoods, and in their places of worship. This fear is not hypothetical. It shapes daily life. It affects the mental health of families, children, and elders. It diminishes the sense of security that every Canadian deserves”.

Metropolitan Community Church: Rev. Deana Dudley observed that because of Mr. Althorpe’s conduct, “entire communities are placed on alert”. They have been required to “devote resources to security rather than care”. She advises that they “operate under awareness that our very visibility – as a queer-affirming church – can attract hostility” due to the “atmosphere of fear and intimidation” created by the actions of Mr. Althorpe.

National Council of Canadian Muslims: The Council observed, “The actions of Matthew Althorpe go far beyond abstract criminality; they strike at the very heart of Canadian society, targeting the safety, dignity, and well-being of Muslim and other vulnerable communities. By creating and spreading propaganda that dehumanizes Muslims and glorifies violence, he contributes directly to a climate of fear, intimidation, and social division. His conduct lowers the threshold of what is considered acceptable hate, emboldens extremist actors, and places vulnerable individuals at real risk of harassment, threats, and violence”.

Black Legal Action Centre: The Centre observed, “For the Black community, the knowledge that recruitment materials have been circulated with the express purpose of expanding a group committed to our eradication generates deep fear, anxiety, and trauma”. It has forced them to expend resources on “basic security” rather than spending energy “directed toward thriving, not merely surviving”. It concludes that “Black communities will carry the effects of Matthew Althorpe’s actions for years to come. His contributions to the spread of violent white supremacist ideology do not simply end with his conviction. The fear, emotional distress, and trauma he helped fuel will continue to echo”.

Mr. Althorpe’s Personal Circumstances

24Mr. Althorpe’s personal circumstances were addressed in a PSR and the s. 21 Report. Mr. Althorpe also provided further information. It is summarized as follows.

Personal Background

25Mr. Althorpe is 30 years of age. He was born and raised in the Fort Erie area of Ontario. He has two younger sisters. His parents separated when he was 13 years of age. They were both alcoholics. Mr. Althorpe lived on occasion with each of his parents. Mr. Althorpe advises that he is close to his family. His sisters have confirmed that.

26Mr. Althorpe was a victim of sexual abuse between the ages of 7 and 15 years. The abusers included a babysitter, a woman in her twenties, and a psychologist who was also his teacher. He never disclosed these incidents to his family or the police because of his feelings of “shame”. He reported that because of this abuse, he was “hypersexualized”, being interested in sex with others, and using pornography excessively.

27Mr. Althorpe is engaged to be married and has a two-year-old daughter who was born days after he was incarcerated. Prior to his incarceration, he was living in St. Catharines with his fiancée.

Education and Employment

28Mr. Althorpe graduated from high school with average grades, notwithstanding being suspended several times, mainly for fighting. Mr. Althorpe advised that he was diagnosed with oppositional defiance disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, generalized anxiety, and autism spectrum disorder when he was seven or eight years of age. Despite these challenges, several teachers describe him as “intelligent”. He graduated from high school with his cohort.

29After high school, Mr. Althorpe worked for a couple of years (as a dishwasher, in landscaping, and in general contracting), joined the army, and thereafter applied to Niagara College. He completed a diploma in mechanical engineering technology. While in college and thereafter, Mr. Althorpe worked in aerospace for Computer Numerical Control (“CNC”). He also started his own business where he designed “accessories and parts for the competitive shooting market”.

Mental Status Examination

30Dr. Iosif found that between the ages of 18 and 19, Mr. Althorpe appeared to develop symptoms of mental illness, manifesting as major depressive episodes with anxious and psychotic features. Dr. Iosif opined, “Mr. Althorpe impressed as a very intelligent individual who is also very troubled. He seems to have developed a style of coping with overwhelming emotions by resorting to radical beliefs.” Mr. Althorpe advised Dr. Iosif that when he felt a panic attack coming on, he would review terrorist materials. Reading these materials would calm him down.

31Dr. Iosif concluded that Mr. Althorpe does not suffer from a major mental illness. However, he meets the diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder.⁹ He had been diagnosed with ADHD (in grade 2) and had a significant depressive episode (at age 19). He had maladaptive eating patterns during times of stress. Since being incarcerated, Mr. Althorpe has developed Trichotillomania (a condition of recurrent pulling out of one’s hair).

Participation in Terrorism

32Mr. Althorpe advised Dr. Iosif that he became interested in terrorism and satanic practices around the age of 18. He also became aware of the ideology of “militant accelerationism”, which he described is based on a premise that “the world is fucked … we can tear it down and build a better world”. He describes that he became “super obsessed with it … channeling all my energy into it”. He was “magnetically drawn” to the ideology. He saw “White Power and White Nationalism” as the solution to the world’s problems. He found it comforting and anxiety reducing.

33Between 2019 and 2021, Mr. Althorpe described himself as an “actor, organizer, creative director and support staff for social media books and videos that espoused terroristic views”. He associated (both in person and online) with people who shared his terrorist beliefs. He described that he made a “second life” for himself that was very different from his “public life”. He believes that had he been of Muslim descent, he would have joined ISIS.

34When asked about his racist ideas by Dr. Iosif, Mr. Althorpe advised that he had “segregationist views”. He hated people of different races.

35Mr. Althorpe has indicated that after having frequented chat groups that reinforced his beliefs, he met up with members of AWD. He participated in the videos with others he viewed as “comrades” and terrorists. After AWD fell apart, he joined the Terrorgram Collective where he was the “creative director of Accelerationism”. In that capacity, he made artwork, picked directions, did some writing, and released publications.

36Mr. Althorpe advised that he was aware that his publications were sourced to the perpetrator of the act of violence in Slovakia. He told the author of the PSR that “[i]n hindsight and on reflecting on his situation [he] stated regret for his actions and noted people died, he did not achieve his goal of improving the world and instead made it worse”.

37Mr. Althorpe has acknowledged that other people were hurt or killed because of his online activities. He says that because of that, he left Terrorgram in 2021.

38Mr. Althorpe then joined the “Active Club” which he described to Dr. Iosif as a “White warrior spirit fraternity” that is “prosocial”. He says that within Active Club, he was more involved with health and fitness and encouraged others to abstain from drugs and to get away from organized crime. He said he has no intention of continuing with the Active Club upon his release because he owes his life to his fiancée and daughter.

Community Support

39Many of Mr. Althorpe’s community were interviewed for the purpose of preparing the PSR. All believe these offences are out of character. Some of their comments may be summarized as follows:

Ms. Tara Althorpe is Mr. Althorpe’s mother. She describes her son as “charismatic, nice, helpful, outgoing, smart, loving, caring”. She is aware of the offences before the court and explains that Mr. Althorpe was “bored during Covid” and that he “went down some rabbit holes he shouldn’t have”.

Mr. Matthew Althorpe Sr. is Mr. Althorpe’s father. He described his son as “well mannered, responsible, respectful”. He had never heard his son express any of the ideologies set out in this proceeding.

Ms. Hannah Althorpe is his sister. She describes her brother as a “good person” who “likes to hike”.

Ms. Dinah Althorpe is also his sister. She describes her brother as “strong willed” and a “go getter”. He is supportive.

Ms. Beverly Naundosf is a former teacher. She disclosed that she met Mr. Althorpe for dinner in 2023 during which he made some comments she found “offensive and racist”. She says that he was always into “conspiracy theories” but did not believe that he ever intended to hurt anyone.

Mr. Harry Althorpe is an uncle. He describes his nephew as “responsible, hardworking, caring, family oriented”. He describes that while incarcerated, Mr. Althorpe, “seems to be interacting with people he would not have before and is learning not to judge someone on their race or ethnicity”.

Mr. James Gayle is a friend. He advises that Mr. Althorpe is a “respectful, good all-around kid”. Mr. Althorpe had never expressed his ideologies to him.

Mr. Hasret Buruc is a friend. He described that while in school, Mr. Althorpe was a “bit of a rebel”. He did not take authority well but there was no indication of extremist ideology.

Ms. Irem Buruc is also a friend. She described Mr. Althorpe as “sweet” and “gentle”. She believes that Mr. Althorpe made “mistakes”, and her view of him has not changed.

Mr. William Scott, a family friend, describes that Mr. Althorpe was a “great kid, protective”. He “looked out for other kids” and has never been in “trouble”. While he has read a little about the offences before the court, he is of the view that Mr. Althorpe “has been groomed somewhere along the line and the whole family must have missed it”.

40Several letters were filed in support of Mr. Althorpe. I have reviewed them all. Some of the authors were also interviewed in preparation of the PSR. I refer to the content of some of those letters here:

Mr. Amariah Boyce is a Facilitator in the Urban-Rez Solutions Inside-Out Program in which Mr. Althorpe participated while incarcerated. Mr. Althorpe showed that he is committed to self-improvement. He has shown a desire to “change the patterns that contributed to his past struggles”. The program has, amongst other things. “Helped him to develop healthier strategies”. He has a “renewed sense of purpose”. He wishes to be “a supportive father, a dependable family member and a positive presence in his community”. He says that he has used his time in prison to “fundamentally reshape his mindset and trajectory”. He believes his transformation is both “genuine and sustainable”.

Mr. Peter Schweller is from the Queensway Congregation of Jehovah’s Witnesses. Mr. Althorpe has participated in the Bible study program sponsored by the Jehovah’s Witnesses. He observes that Mr. Althorpe is committed and looking forward to joining a local congregation of Jehovah’s Witnesses upon his release. There, he will “benefit from the formation of many friendships with people of all backgrounds, race, colour and language”. (In his submission to the court, Mr. Althorpe adds that his study of the Bible has taught him that all races are equal and he has been taught to treat others with respect. He looks forward to joining this “pro-social community” upon his release.)

Ms. Teanna Smith is a Case Manager with Oaks Revitalization Association, Northstar Program. Mr. Althorpe has been involved in the program whose goal is to reduce recidivism. It is focused on rehabilitation and personal change. The letter was provided to confirm enrollment and not as a character reference. (In his submission to the Court, Mr. Althorpe described his participation as “an amazing opportunity” that demands “accountability”. He has learned a tremendous amount about various subjects, including finance.)

Ms. Tara Althorpe advises, amongst other things, that her son “regrets and is sorry for any pain or suffering that he has caused anyone”.

Mr. Matthew Althorpe Sr. advises that his son understands the seriousness of the offences but advises that his son is remorseful. He believes that “this” is “something he got caught up in”. He does not believe that “this is the person he is”.

Lauren is Mr. Althorpe’s fiancée. She advises that Mr. Althorpe “will spend the rest of his life trying to make up for the hurt he has caused and just wants a chance to prove that he is a good person who just made bad choices”. She notes that she has seen a change in him and that he has learned to give people the “benefit of the doubt” and not to judge them so quickly. She believes that “it is killing him not to be there” for her and their daughter. She believes that Mr. Althorpe has paid a heavy price for his mistakes and looks forward to the family being reunited.

Ms. Dinah Althorpe describes that Mr. Althorpe “had nothing short of a positive impact” on her life. She says that “he continues to serve as a positive mentor and friend”. She says that Mr. Althorpe understands “the value of hard work, empathy, creativity and accountability”.

Ms. Hannah Althorpe looks up to her brother. She describes him as “one of the best examples of a functioning member of society” that she has seen in her life. He is “always striving for a better future for himself and anyone he loves”. She describes him as “kind, understanding and [a] respectful human being”. She says that she has “never known him to carry any ill will or hate someone for aspects of there [sic] life that they cannot change”.

Mr. Harry Althorpe explains why he thinks that Mr. Althorpe is before the Court: “I truly believe this situation arose during the COVID-19 lockdowns, when extended isolation and time spent only seeking connection may have contributed to his prior decisions. While this does not excuse his actions, it helps to explain how an otherwise responsible and caring person ended up on the path that got him here today”. He hopes that “this mistake” does not define who Mr. Althorpe is. He is confident that Mr. Althorpe will “continue to be a positive and contributing member of society”.

Mr. Ben Althorpe is also an uncle. He says that Mr. Althorpe has “shown integrity, respect for others, and a willingness to take responsibility for his actions”. He has always approached life with “good intentions”. He is a “good young man with a solid moral foundation” who will “continue to make positive contributions going forward”.

Mr. Rich Phillips is a family friend. He describes Mr. Althorpe as a good worker who goes “above and beyond”. He approaches things with a “positive attitude”. He has “strong values and real goals for his future”, including family. Based on his personal experiences, Mr. Althorpe is “not a bad person”. He believes that Mr. Althorpe “got caught up with the wrong people and made mistakes because of those influences, not because of a lack of character or values”. He believes that Mr. Althorpe can learn from this experience to move forward.

Mr. James Landry is a family friend. He “deeply respects” Mr. Althorpe’s “character, integrity, and commitment to the betterment of those around him”. He “embodies honesty, responsibility and compassion”. He describes Mr. Althorpe as “remorseful for his actions” and “committed to making amends”.

Mr. Vadim Kornishin is a family friend who describes Mr. Althorpe, amongst other things, as a “gentle person”. Mr. Althorpe is helpful, when needed, taking him places and supporting him during difficult times. Mr. Althorpe was a volunteer assisting in providing relief to Haiti during the country’s crisis.

Hasret has been a friend since childhood. Amongst other things, he describes Mr. Althorpe as “active, considerate, vigorous, especially with regard to the pursuit of fitness and health, and always eager to set an example and to help anyone keep up for that matter”.

Jason is a family friend. He describes Mr. Althorpe as “respectful and polite”. He states that Mr. Althorpe has “always played a positive roll [sic] in society”.

Mr. William Scott is a friend. He says that Mr. Althorpe is taking accountability for his actions which “shows his character”. He believes that Mr. Althorpe “is and will never be a threat to the community”. He will be a “very productive and responsible member of society”.

Ms. Bev Naundorf was a Child and Youth Worker who began working with Mr. Althorpe when he was in grade eight. She found it challenging to work with him but met with success over the year. After learning Mr. Althorpe was arrested and in custody, she spoke with him. She described that he had a positive attitude. She believed that “he was making the best of the situation he was in. His main goal is to get home to Lauren and be a dad”.

Pre-Sentence Incarceration

41Mr. Althorpe has been in custody since December 6, 2023. There were several certificates filed showing successful participation in various organizations and programs, including the Urban Rez program; the Black Employment Support Program; a book club; African Heritage Certificates (Adult Learning and Employment Programs); the Anger Management Workshop; and the Adaptability Workshop.

42Mr. Althorpe also provided an affidavit describing the conditions of his incarceration at the Toronto South Detention Centre, including being subjected to lockdowns because of staff shortages. During lockdowns, inmates are denied access to showers. The odour in the cells is unbearable. The stench from the toilet can be suffocating. The sleeping conditions are unsanitary. Visits are cancelled without notice. They are denied access to fresh air.

Remorse

43During the sentencing hearing, Mr. Althorpe addressed the Court advising, that he was speaking from the “heart”. He read from a letter (that he did not wish to be filed as an Exhibit) and summarized several addendums (that he agreed should be filed as Exhibits). He addressed five topics:

Regret: Mr. Althorpe regrets what he has done to his family and the community. He gives advice to those who have read his publications: “focus your energy more positively”. He admits that he has harmed others and will continue to be viewed as a “monster” until he can prove otherwise. He views his crimes “as a comparatively little dark age” that will be followed by a “life-long golden age”.

Reflect: With time and contemplation, Mr. Althorpe says that he has gained “much needed emotional intelligence” and “wisdom”. He has learned about other cultures, people, and geography while incarcerated. He has read books (1,006 and counting), some written by Black authors, and participated in the Urban Rez program (typically reserved for Black inmates) facilitated by a Black leader, Mr. Amariah Boyce. Mr. Althorpe describes that his participation has “disproven a lot of [his] own biases and pre-judgement”. Mr. Boyce is “living breathing proof against the hateful tenants that [he] believed to be absolute truths”. He describes his participation in these activities as “a rational move to correct [himself] as [he knows he has] gone astray”.

Ambition: Mr. Althorpe explains that his story is not finished. He says that he has the “persistence to properly transition to normal life and leave all this behind”. He plans to enjoy the “highs” while in prison and learn from the “lows”. He believes that “properly directed” his “time, passion, energy and skills will contribute to society”. He does not plan to contribute to the “recidivism rate”. He cannot wait to prove those who doubt him, wrong.

Method: Mr. Althorpe advises that he has “brainstormed for new low-risk hobbies” such as music. He will pursue a new career in CNC. He will join a new community of friends with the Jehovah’s Witnesses. He will take advantage of any professional help offered. He will pursue university while incarcerated. He has reached out to North Star to network with unions when released. He intends to volunteer at the institution. He will be a good father. He intends to leave the institution better than he entered it. He hopes that his letter shows that he is “remorseful and a driven person with the intention to improve and be well”. He is open to all treatment going forward.

Hope: Mr. Althorpe writes that he has learned that just because he has made terrible choices, he is not a terrible person. He will not allow his “deplorable past” to dictate his future actions.

Rehabilitation

44The author of the PSR described Mr. Althorpe’s attempts at rehabilitation as follows:

The subject noted since his incarceration he has worked heavily on improving himself stating he has become a Jehovah’s [W]itness, found creative outlets, and is “no longer ethnocentric.” The subject disclosed he has been incarcerated with many people of many different ethnicities and stated his views have changed. The subject has made an effort to access as many programs as possible and as per Ministry of the Solicitor General Records he has completed 28 programs while incarcerated focusing on anger management, anti-criminal thinking, parenting, employment, forming positive habits, goal setting, stress management, problem solving, healthy relationships, personal financial management, substance abuse, and productive use of leisure time.

45Mr. Althorpe expressed regret for his actions and appears to have insight into his behaviour on both his family and the community. The author of the PSR found that Mr. Althorpe does have “some capacity to learn from his involvement in these offences”.

46Dr. Iosif stated as follows in her report with respect to Mr. Althorpe:

He said that he no longer experiences the same feelings as what prompted him to engage in extremist activities in the first place. He indicated that extremism for him was ‘like a drug’. Now that he is ‘sober’, he no longer has the same thinking as when he was ‘intoxicated’ with extremism.

47Mr. Althorpe described himself as a “reformed extremist”. When asked by Dr. Iosif what had caused him to change his ideas and beliefs, he gave a few explanations. First, he now spends most of his time playing board games with inmates of various backgrounds as a form of corrective behaviour. He advised Dr. Iosif that he no longer harbors racist views because of the birth of his child. When asked why he no longer thinks the White race is superior, he explained that he has “done a lot of reading, history, education, … for example, we use the Arabic number system”.

48Mr. Althorpe admitted to Dr. Iosif, however, that he has not completely “left that head space”. He stated that at times, he wakes up at night. He described, “I am the same racist guy … I have to show remorse for the court but transparency for you”. When Dr. Iosif suggested that his intellectual ideas had not changed, Mr. Althorpe replied that “sometimes one’s views are the conclusion of a logical process, sometimes they are just being in the wrong head space … it’s as if two people are arguing”. Mr. Althorpe further explained during the sentencing proceeding, that he has experienced struggles and difficulties while incarcerated. While he describes that he has “dreams” that he is the “same guy”, he awakens and must process those thoughts.

49Mr. Althorpe also advised, during the sentencing proceeding, that he has been “helped” and “has helped” others while incarcerated. For example, “It was an African American nurse” who booked him for appointments, and he insisted that she continue caring for him. He added that the staff from his lawyer’s office are “diverse in nature”. He has had a cellmate who taught him the “peaceful nature of Islam”. His favorite correctional officer is from Somalia. He has also helped inmates of other races by assisting them in completing ESL forms and refugee claims.

50Mr. Althorpe says that he is unhappy with himself because, “The very individuals who have helped me every step of my journey and who continue to help so much are the ones I set out to hurt by broadcasting calls for their destruction and demise.” Mr. Althorpe submits that he no longer holds his extremist beliefs.

51In his submission to the court, Mr. Althorpe makes specific mention of Mr. Boyce of the Urban Rez program. He has spent much time with him and states, “I believe my relationship with him, and our conversations have disproven a lot of my own biases and pre-judgments. He’s living breathing proof against hateful tenants that I believed to be absolute truths.”

52There is no suggestion that Mr. Althorpe has been the subject of any misconduct infractions since his incarceration.

53Dr. Iosif observed,

Mr. Althorpe indicates presently that his ideas have changed, and that he is hoping for a “treatment-focused sentence”. While I think that he would do very well in therapy due to his remarkable verbal expression and ability to engage with others, I question the motivation and depth of his reform at this juncture. I am sure that the birth of his child, and his difficult legal predicament have made Mr. Althorpe reconsider many of his positions of many subjects, but just as he has said in the assessment, the racist militant accelerationist likely lies not far beneath the surface. While I am convinced that Mr. Althorpe would love to hold his daughter, and while he may even identify with “Arabs” to a degree, neither one of those issues has a direct impact on his ideological position. Mr. Althorpe described “quelling” empathy in order to do what was expected of him while being radicalized. As aforenoted, in my opinion, Mr. Althorpe copes with feelings through ideas, a very intellectualized position, that would only temporarily be displaced by personal hardship or attachment. In other words, it is very possible that sentencing would give rise to anxiety and/or anger, which in turn would find an outlet in further extremism, notwithstanding his infant daughter or being incarcerated with a diverse population. Before Mr. Althorpe can truly examine his extremist beliefs and reconsider them, he has to learn to find better ways to understand and manage his emotions, as this is likely the conduit to his ideological position.

54Dr. Iosif made the following recommendations:

Therapies designed to address issues flowing from borderline personality disorder, such as Dialectical Behaviour Therapy and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, would likely be helpful to Mr. Althorpe. The same interventions would likely also alleviate his general anxiety, and his trichotillomanic behaviours.

As aforenoted, Mr. Althorpe would likely do well in therapy. However, caution should be employed when dealing with him, as he has the ability to present himself as he knows others expect him to, while maintaining divergent personal views. The same qualities that make him charming and compelling – namely his intelligence and ability to relate to others – can also make him potentially very destructive.

Structured activity of a vocational or educational nature would be of benefit in eventually reintegrating him into the community.

Analysis

The Legal Framework

55Terrorism cases are not to be treated as a distinct class.¹⁰ The sentencing principles applicable in all cases are applicable here. The court must consider ss. 718 to 718.2 of the Criminal Code. Pursuant to s. 718.1, any sentence that I impose “must be proportionate to the gravity of the offence and the degree of responsibility of the offender”. Further, the court must consider that the offences were motivated by hate based on race, colour, religion etc. (s. 718.2(a)(i)) and that the offences were terrorism offences (s. 718.2(a)(v)). The totality principle applies to terrorism offences.¹¹

56Justice Code, in R. v. Esseghaier,¹² summarized the “important points” for consideration in sentencing an offender for terrorism offences, beginning at para. 97:

a. Because of “the unusual gravity” of terrorism offences, “denunciation and deterrence … are the paramount sentencing principles”.¹³

b. Rehabilitation is to be considered as a mitigating factor. However, as Code J. observed, “the rigid ideological belief systems that often motivate terrorist offences can give rise to an inference of ongoing dangerousness”. The Court, in Khawaja, stressed the importance of “convincing evidence that [the accused] no longer subscribed to violent Jihad at the time of sentencing”.¹⁴

c. Sentences exceeding 20 years and up to life imprisonment should be considered in cases involving the most serious kinds of terrorism. That is where the terrorist activity, to the knowledge of the offender, is “designed to or [is] likely to result in the indiscriminate killing of innocent human beings”.¹⁵

d. Life sentences are imposed where the offender was the “mastermind”, and his prospects of rehabilitation were “guarded at this stage”.¹⁶ Life sentences will also be imposed whether the offender was the “right hand man” to the leader and “has not accepted responsibility for his actions” suggesting no genuine remorse.¹⁷

e. Those cases where 20 years imprisonment (or more but not life) have been implemented are those involving youthful offenders, displays of genuine remorse, and strong family and community support. The offenders were not in leadership positions.¹⁸

57The Supreme Court of Canada held as follows in Khawaja, at para. 126:

The fact that sentences of over 20 years may be imposed more often in terrorism cases is not inconsistent with the totality principle. It merely attests to the particular gravity of terrorist offences and the moral culpability of those who commit them.

The Aggravating Factors

58In considering the fit sentence, I find the following to be the aggravating factors:

a. The offences and the role that Mr. Althorpe played in them are significant and serious. This was not an isolated act of violence and not a series of ill-conceived social media posts.

b. The period over which these offences were committed is significant. His role shows a decade long commitment to White supremacist militant accelerationist ideology. He began participating in the relevant chat rooms in and around 2015.

c. Mr. Althorpe was a leader. He incited and instructed others to attack innocent members of our communities. He incited violence against identifiable groups that have historically been targeted. For example, the AWD activities as shown in the videos call upon recruits to join the race war by inflicting violence on their enemies and terrorizing society. He knew his efforts, in conjunction with the efforts of other believers, was successful as they boasted about killing a Jew and another person who appeared to be a traitor.

d. Mr. Althorpe recruited members to his cause by publishing materials, instruction manuals, and propaganda. He was a central figure in the Terrorgram Collective, co-authoring and editing the manifestos and publications. He called for the infliction of harm, and death to identifiable groups such as those in various communities (i.e., Jewish, Black, Muslim, LGBTQ+ and others). He encouraged the committing of violent acts to destabilize infrastructure by sabotaging power lines, railways, etc.

e. Mr. Althorpe sought to activate his audience to maim and to kill. He succeeded. There are six examples of direct evidence that his words inspired others to attack. Several people were killed, and others wounded.

f. The publications, such as The Hard Reset, set out detailed instructions on how to commit acts of violence. The Hard Reset is cited most often in real world attacks.

g. Mr. Althorpe’s manuals and propaganda will never be erased. They remain available and may continue to inspire more violent attacks, as they did in 2025.

h. While Mr. Althorpe’s community suggests that boredom during Covid, or getting in with the wrong crowd may have inspired his involvement in terrorist activities, there really is no explanation for it. There is nothing in his upbringing to suggest that he was inspired by those around him to engage with terrorist groups.

i. There is some concern that Mr. Althorpe continues to harbor White supremacist ideology.

j. The Active Club is not just a “men’s club” that is pro-social. As posted by the Active Club, it promoted “White unity at every opportunity”. There are concerns that Mr. Althorpe was not representing his association with the Active Club with candour.

k. There is a risk of re-offending in the circumstances.

The Mitigating Factors

59I find the following to be the mitigating factors:

a. Mr. Althorpe pleaded guilty, which is a sign of remorse.

b. He also expressed remorse during the hearing.

c. Mr. Althorpe has stated that he has renounced his beliefs that led to his arrest and these convictions.

d. Mr. Althorpe’s guilty plea saved a considerable amount of trial time and provided certainty of result.

e. Mr. Althorpe does not have a criminal record.

f. Mr. Althorpe’s upbringing was marked by some instability due to the separation of his parents, challenges in school, and sexual abuse.

g. Mr. Althorpe was young when he commenced his participation in these offences at the age of 18.

h. He is relatively young and appears to now have stable family relationships. He has the support of his family and his community.

i. He has been employed pro-socially in the past.

j. Mr. Althorpe has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.

k. Mr. Althorpe has been subjected to harsh conditions while incarcerated.

60The Federal Crown submits that I should take into consideration that Mr. Althorpe is a youthful offender but place limited weight on his age. Factors such as age “must be viewed through a different lens” when those convicted of terrorism offences are being sentenced. That is because “[y]outhful first offenders present as attractive recruits to sophisticated terrorists”. As such, courts must recognize that “home-grown terrorists with no criminal antecedents have become a reality”. That is something the courts “must recognize and take into account when deciding how much lenience to give to youthful first offenders who commit terrorist crimes”.¹⁹ I have taken Mr. Althorpe’s youth into consideration.

61The Federal Crown submits that the importance and role of Mr. Althorpe’s family must be considered in the context of the ideology of the terrorists. The Fission video suggests, “For the enemy, our message is quite clear, there’ll be neither compromises nor half measures taken on our part to secure our race and a future for our children.” The Federal Crown suggests that Mr. Althorpe promotes creating families “to form the next generation of warriors for our race”. While I appreciate the importance of family as set out in Mr. Althorpe’s ideology, I have taken into consideration that Mr. Althorpe does have a supportive family that may assist in his rehabilitation.

62I do, however, have concerns that the members of Mr. Althorpe’s family and community have minimized his role and have failed to recognize the seriousness of the offences. They don’t talk about it. Mr. Althorpe’s mother believes that Mr. Althorpe became bored during Covid and went down a “rabbit hole” leading to his participation in these offences. Mr. Althorpe’s father believes that his son is being portrayed as more involved than he really is. Because of these comments, I am uncertain as to what role his family will play in Mr. Althorpe’s rehabilitation.

63While I accept that Mr. Althorpe has a personality disorder, I do not find that there is a causal link between Mr. Althorpe’s illness and his criminal conduct. Mr. Althorpe described that his commitment to the extremist ideologies was a calming mechanism for his depression and anxiety. He found his association with terrorists made him feel good to be radicalized. There is no evidence that his personality disorder is a mental disorder that is an underlying reason for his participation in terrorist activities.²⁰

Conclusion

64Deterrence and denunciation are the predominant sentencing factors to consider in the case of extreme terrorism. Counsel for Mr. Althorpe submits that persons found guilty in terrorism cases fall into two categories for the purpose of sentencing: (i) those who possess weaponry and have a specific plan to use it to harm the public; and (ii) those who are “ideologists”. Counsel submits that Mr. Althorpe falls into the second category of “ideologists” — responsible for “talk, for messages and not for carrying out specific plans on specific targets”. I do not agree.

65Mr. Althorpe’s “talk” and “messages” did result in harm to others. He was a leader. His videos and publications were “designed to or likely to result in the indiscriminate killing of innocent human beings”. It worked. He urged recruits to kill innocent human beings, and they did. The impact on our community has been devastating as well demonstrated by the community reports filed.

66While denunciation and deterrence are paramount, the court must consider rehabilitation.²¹ I have done so. I have considered the progress Mr. Althorpe has made since his arrest. He has taken advantage of the programs made available to him in the detention centre while awaiting sentence. However, concerns about Mr. Althorpe’s rehabilitation remain as set out by Dr. Iosif. I accept her opinion and the facts upon which she bases it.

67In considering the sentences imposed in terrorism cases, I have considered Khalid, where the Ontario Court of Appeal held as follows, at para. 34:

[W]here the terrorist activity, to the knowledge of the offender, is designed to or is likely to result in the indiscriminate killing of innocent human beings, sentencing judges should give serious consideration to life sentences, and where a life sentence is not called for, to sentences exceeding 20 years.

Further, as the Court of Appeal held in Khawaja, at para. 246, “When terrorists acting on Canadian soil are apprehended and brought to justice, the responsibility lies with the courts to send a clear and unmistakable message that terrorism is reprehensible and those who choose to engage in it here will pay a very heavy price.” I intend to send such a message with the sentence I impose.

68I have also considered the totality principle. This is applicable, given the requirement for consecutive sentences, pursuant to s. 83.26 of the Criminal Code.

69Counsel’s submission that Mr. Althorpe be sentenced to 12 to 14 years’ imprisonment is inconsistent with the case law of the Ontario Court of Appeal and other cases referred to above. This is a case in which the starting point for sentencing should be 20 years because of the gravity of Mr. Althorpe’s offences which had “indiscriminate killing” as their objective.

70The cases upon which Counsel for Mr. Althorpe relies to support his proposed range of sentence are much different than the case at hand. For example, in the case of R. v. Ahmed, Mr. Ahmed was involved in a terrorist group for about six months (as opposed to 10 years for Mr. Althorpe). He solicited and contributed about $1,000 of his own money to be sent to foreign terrorists. He reluctantly agreed to be the leader (although his role was limited).²² He received a sentence of 12 years. Although egregious, Mr. Ahmed’s conduct was less serious than Mr. Althorpe’s.

71In the case of R. v. Ahmad, Mr. Ahmad’s involvement in the “Toronto 18” was to recruit others into the terrorist group. He hosted multiple training camps. He distributed materials that advocated violence. Mr. Ahmad received a global sentence of 16 years.²³ Again, Mr. Ahmad’s case is distinguishable from that of Mr. Althorpe. Although Mr. Ahmad’s conduct was serious, it was less serious than the conduct in which Mr. Althorpe engaged over a longer period.

72The case of R. v. MacDonald²⁴ can also be distinguished. Mr. MacDonald was convicted of three terrorism offences after trial and received a global sentence of 10 years.²⁵ The trial judge found that Mr. MacDonald participated in the production of three videos which contained propaganda and recruitment materials for the AWD. He posted many graphic designs glorifying White supremacist Nazi leaders and published threatening designs, including one depicting a person wearing a skull mask, wearing combat fatigues, and carrying a gun pointed at the viewer with dramatic splashes of red stating “do not come between a Nazi and his prey”.²⁶ While the material created by Mr. MacDonald was intended to encourage others to commit terrorist activities, there was no evidence before the presiding judge that it did. Amongst other things, Mr. MacDonald renounced his racist views, showed remorse and had participated in a Reset Project program for two years. The case is distinguishable from that of Mr. Althorpe where there is evidence that his publications led to violent consequences to members of our community.

73I agree with the Federal Crown, that the appropriate range of sentence is 20 years to life imprisonment. The gravity of the offences committed by Mr. Althorpe is significant as is his moral blameworthiness. Had Mr. Althorpe not pleaded guilty and was found guilty after a trial, I have no doubt but that he would be facing life imprisonment.

74Having considered the facts giving rise to the convictions, information about Mr. Althorpe’s background and current circumstances, and the relevant legal precedents, I have concluded that the appropriate sentence is a global one of 20 years. As agreed, Mr. Althorpe will be given credit for his pre-sentence custody, as follows:

a. Mr. Althorpe has been incarcerated since December 6, 2023 (873 real days). Calculated at 1.5 days for each day spent in custody, pursuant to Summers, Mr. Althorpe will be given credit of 1,310 days or 44 months.

b. As per the agreement of counsel, Mr. Althorpe will be given four months credit for the harsh conditions in which he served his pre-sentence custody, pursuant to Duncan.

In total, Mr. Althorpe will be given credit of 48 months on the sentence imposed. Mr. Althorpe is sentenced globally to 20 years (240 months) less 4 years (48 months) for a further 16 years (192 months to serve).

Parole Ineligibility

75Section 743.6(1.2) of the Criminal Code provides that where an offender receives a sentence of two years of imprisonment or more for a terrorism offence, the court “shall order that the portion of the sentence that must be served before the offender may be released on full parole is one-half of the sentence or ten years, whichever is less”.

76The presumption of parole ineligibility can be displaced where the court is “satisfied, having regard to the circumstances of the commission of the offence and the character and circumstances of the offender, that the expression of society’s denunciation of the offence and the objectives of specific and general deterrence would be adequately served by a period of parole ineligibility determined in accordance with the Corrections and Conditional Release Act”.

77Section 743.6(2) of the Criminal Code provides that the “paramount principles which are to guide the court under this section are denunciation and specific or general deterrence, with rehabilitation of the offender, in all cases, being subordinate to these paramount principles”. The onus is on Mr. Althorpe to establish that the exception applies on a balance of probabilities.²⁷ Mr. Althorpe has met that onus.

78I am satisfied that the objectives of specific and general deterrence would adequately be served by a period of parole ineligibility determined in accordance with the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, S.C. 1992, c. 20. Dr. Iosif has observed that Mr. Althorpe does not come across as an antisocial individual. Other than these offences, he is not deceitful and has a responsible lifestyle. He is not without remorse. Dr. Iosif believes that Mr. Althorpe would do well in therapy, an opportunity he has not had since his arrest. She has made recommendations for therapy and structured activities to permit him to reintegrate into the community. He will now have an opportunity to participate in therapy that was not available to him during his pre-sentence incarceration.

79Further, having reviewed the submissions of Mr. Althorpe to the Court in detail, he appears motivated to be a pro-social member of our society when released. He has taken advantage of his stay in pre-sentence custody to confront his past, deal with the present, and work toward a better future.

80I am satisfied that the Parole Board will be in the best position to determine whether Mr. Althorpe will have succeeded in his efforts at rehabilitation while serving his sentence in the penitentiary. It will be in the best position to determine what portion of Mr. Althorpe’s sentence must be served before he is released on parole. This does not mean that Mr. Althorpe will be released on parole before he serves one-half of his sentence. It simply means that he can apply for parole before he does.

The Sentence Imposed

81A global sentence of 20 years (240 months) is imposed as follows:

Count 2: Six years’ imprisonment (72 months) less 48 months for a remaining 2 years (24 months) to serve.

Count 5: Ten years’ imprisonment (120 months), consecutive.

Count 7: Four years’ imprisonment (48 months), consecutive.

The Ancillary Orders

82The following ancillary orders are imposed:

a. A weapons prohibition for life, pursuant to s. 109(1)(a) of the Criminal Code.

b. A DNA order, as all are primary designated offences.

c. A non-communication order pursuant to s. 743.21 of the Criminal Code.

d. Forfeiture of items seized in his home.

Kelly J.

Footnotes

1. 12014 SCC 26, [2014] 1 S.C.R. 575.
2. 22016 ONCA 754.
3. 3Forfeiture of all exhibits seized from Mr. Althorpe’s residence on Baxter Crescent, in Thorold, Ontario, including but not limited to all weapons, including replica weapons; ammunition, and other firearms related components; electronic devices; 3D printers and paraphernalia; extremist literature; clothing, and other paraphernalia bearing logos of extremist groups.
4. 4I have considered these charges in determining a fit sentence, pursuant to s. 725(b.1) of the Criminal Code.
5. 5M.D., FRCPC; Forensic Psychiatrist, Complex Care and Recover, Forensic Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Lecturer, University of Toronto.
6. 6See paras. 82 and 83 of the ASF.
7. 7See Tab “H” of the ASF.
8. 8Represented in this community statement were: B’nai Brith Canada, Bring Love, Canadian Antisemitism Education Foundation, Canadian Organization for Hindu Heritage Education, Counsel for Israel and Jewish Affairs, Friends of Simon Wiesenthal Centre, Tami Moscoe, ALCCA members and the LGBTQ+ Advisory Panel.
9. 9Dr. Iosif defined personality disorder as follows: Persons with borderline personality disorder tend to be quite sensitive to environmental circumstances. Interpersonal difficulties, or loss of external structure, can lead to changes in self-image, affect, cognition, and behavior. Persons with this personality style tend to have an underdeveloped or unstable self-image or sense of self, giving rise to shifting goals, values, and vocational aspirations. The foregoing is also frequently undermined by low self-esteem. Persons with this disorder, given their somewhat inchoate sense of self, often experience boredom and may consequently present as sensation-seeking in an effort to fill the sense of emptiness.
10. 10R. v. Khawaja, 2012 SCC 69, [2012] 3 S.C.R. 555, at para. 115.
11. 11R. v. Ahmed, 2017 ONCA 76, 136 O.R. (3d) 403, at para. 21.
12. 122015 ONSC 5855.
13. 13Citing Khawaja (SCC), at paras. 126 and 130 (S.C.C.); and R. v. Hersi, 2014 ONSC 4414, at para. 63.
14. 14Khawaja, S.C.C., at paras. 123-124; Khawaja (Ont. C.A.), at paras. 197-203.
15. 15Khawaja (Ont. C.A.), at paras. 219, 221 and 238; R. v. Khalid, at para. 34; and R. v. Amara, at para. 18.
16. 16Amara, at para. 19.
17. 17R. v. Abdelhaleem, at paras. 23-24, 32, 49, 57 and 78-79.
18. 18Khalid, at paras. 21-22, 36 and 56; R. v. Gaya, at paras. 12-16 and 20.
19. 19R. v. Khalid, 2010 ONCA 861, at para. 47.
20. 20R. v. Fabbro, 2021 ONCA 494, at para. 25; and R. v. Prioriello, 2012 ONCA 63, at para. 11.
21. 21Khawaja, at para. 124
22. 222014 ONSC 6153, aff’d 2017 ONCA 76
23. 232010 ONSC 5874, [2010] OJ No 6372 (QL).
24. 242025 ONSC 4716.
25. 25Committed contrary to ss. 83.18(1), 83.19(1) and 83.2 of the Criminal Code.
26. 26MacDonald, at para. 43.
27. 27Khalid, at para. 30; and Ahmed, at para. 111