Kitchener Frame Limited et al., 2012 ONSC 234

SUPERIOR COURT OF JUSTICE – ONTARIO

COMMERCIAL LIST

COURT FILE NO.: CV-11-9298-00CL

DATE: 20120203

IN THE MATTER OF THE BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY ACT ,

R.S.C. 1985, c. B-3 , AS AMENDED

RE: IN THE MATTER OF THE CONSOLIDATED PROPOSAL OF KITCHENER FRAME LIMITED AND THYSSENKRUPP BUDD CANADA, INC., Applicants

BEFORE: MORAWETZ J.

COUNSEL: Edward A. Sellers and Jeremy E. Dacks, for the Applicants

Hugh O’Reilly, Non-Union Representative Counsel

L. N. Gottheil, Union Representative Counsel

John Porter, for Ernst & Young Inc., Proposal Trustee

Michael McGraw, for CIBC Mellon Trust Company

Deborah McPhail, for Financial Services Commission of Ontario

ENDORSEMENT

1At the conclusion of this unopposed motion, the requested relief was granted. Counsel indicated that it would be helpful if the court could provide reasons in due course, specifically on the issue of a third-party release in the context of a proposal under Part III of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (“ BIA ”).

2Kitchener Frame Limited (“KFL”) and Thyssenkrupp Budd Canada Inc. (“Budd Canada”), and together with KFL, (the “Applicants”), brought this motion for an order (the “Sanction Order”) to sanction the amended consolidated proposal involving the Applicants dated August 31, 2011 (the “Consolidated Proposal”) pursuant to the provisions of the BIA . Relief was also sought authorizing the Applicants and Ernst & Young Inc., in its capacity as proposal trustee of each of the Applicants (the “Proposal Trustee”) to take all steps necessary to implement the Consolidated Proposal in accordance with its terms.

3The Applicants submit that the requested relief is reasonable, that it benefits the general body of the Applicants’ creditors and meets all other statutory requirements. Further, the Applicants submit that the court should also consider that the voting affected creditors (the “Affected Creditors”) unanimously supported the Consolidated Proposal. As such, the Applicants submit that they have met the test as set out in s. 59(2) of the BIA with respect to approval of the Consolidated Proposal.

4The motion of the Applicants was supported by the Proposal Trustee. The Proposal Trustee filed its report recommending approval of the Consolidated Proposal and indicated that the Consolidated Proposal was in the best interests of the Affected Creditors.

5KFL and Budd Canada are inactive entities with no operating assets and no material liquid assets (other than the Escrow Funds). They do have significant and mounting obligations including pension and other non-pension post-employment benefit (“OPEB”) obligations to the Applicants’ former employees and certain former employees of Budcan Holdings Inc. or the surviving spouses of such former employees or others who may be entitled to claim through such persons in the BIA proceedings, including the OPEB creditors.

6The background facts with respect to this motion are fully set out in the affidavit of Mr. William E. Aziz, sworn on September 13, 2011.

7Affiliates of Budd Canada have provided up to date funding to Budd Canada to enable Budd Canada to fund, on behalf of KFL, such pension and OPEB obligations. However, given that KFL and Budd Canada have no active operations, the status quo is unsustainable.

8The Applicants have acknowledged that they are insolvent and, in connection with the BIA proposal, proceedings were commenced on July 4, 2011.

9On July 7, 2011, Wilton-Siegel J. granted Procedural Consolidation Orders in respect of KFL and Budd Canada which authorized the procedural consolidation of the Applicants and permitted them to file a single consolidated proposal to their creditors.

10The Orders of Wilton-Siegel J. also appointed separate representative counsel to represent the interests of the Union and Non-Union OPEB creditors and further authorized the Applicants to continue making payments to Blue Cross in respect of the OPEB Claims during the BIA proposal proceedings.

11On August 2, 2011, an order was granted extending the time to file a proposal to August 19, 2011.

12The parties proceeded to negotiate the terms of the Consolidated Proposal, which meetings involved the Applicants, the Proposal Trustee, senior members of the CAW, Union Representative Counsel and Non-Union Representative Counsel.

13An agreement in principle was reached which essentially provided for the monetization and compromise of the OPEB claims of the OPEB creditors resulting in a one-time, lump-sum payment to each OPEB creditor term upon implementation of the Consolidated Proposal. The Consolidated Proposal also provides that the Applicants and their affiliates will forego any recoveries on account of their secured and unsecured inter-company claims, which total approximately $120 million. A condition precedent was the payment of sufficient funds to the Pension Fund Trustee such that when such funds are combined with the value of the assets held in the Pension Plans, the Pension Fund Trustee will be able to fully annuitize the Applicants’ pension obligations and pay the commuted values to those creditors with pension claims who so elected so as to provide for the satisfaction of the Applicants’ pension obligations in full.

14On August 19, 2011, the Applicants filed the Consolidated Proposal. Subsequent amendments were made on August 31, 2011 in advance of the creditors’ meeting to reflect certain amendments to the proposal.

15The creditors’ meeting was held on September 1, 2011 and, at the meeting, the Consolidated Proposal, as amended, was accepted by the required majority of creditors. Over 99.9% in number and over 99.8% in dollar value of the Affected Creditors’ Class voted to accept the Consolidated Proposal. The Proposal Trustee noted that all creditors voted in favour of the Consolidated Proposal, with the exception of one creditor, Canada Revenue Agency (with 0.1% of the number of votes representing 0.2% of the value of the vote) who attended the meeting but abstained from voting. Therefore, the Consolidated Proposal was unanimously approved by the Affected Creditors. The Applicants thus satisfied the required “double majority” voting threshold required by the BIA .

16The issue on the motion was whether the court should sanction the Consolidated Proposal, including the substantive consolidation and releases contained therein.

17Pursuant to s. 54(2) (d) of the BIA , a proposal is deemed to be accepted by the creditors if it has achieved the requisite “double majority” voting threshold at a duly constituted meeting of creditors.

18The BIA requires the proposal trustee to apply to court to sanction the proposal. At such hearing, s. 59(2) of the BIA requires that the court refuse to approve the proposal where its terms are not reasonable or not calculated to benefit the general body of creditors.

19In order to satisfy s. 59(2) test, the courts have held that the following three-pronged test must be satisfied:

(a) the proposal is reasonable;

(b) the proposal is calculated to benefit the general body of creditors; and

(c) the proposal is made in good faith.

See Mayer (Re) (1994), 1994 7461 (ON SC) , 25 CBR (3d) 113; Steeves (Re) , 2001 SKQB 265 () , 25 CBR (4th) 317; Magnus One Energy Corp. (Re) , 2009 ABQB 200 () , 53 CBR (5th) 243.

20The first two factors are set out in s. 59(2) of the BIA while the last factor has been implied by the court as an exercise of its equitable jurisdiction. The courts have generally taken into account the interests of the debtor, the interests of the creditors and the interests of the public at large in the integrity of the bankruptcy system. See Farrell (Re) 2003 39370 (ON SC) , 2003, 40 CBR (4th) 53.

21The courts have also accorded substantial deference to the majority vote of creditors at a meeting of creditors; see Lofchik, Re [1998] O.J. No. 322 (Ont. Bktcy) . Similarly, the courts have also accorded deference to the recommendation of the proposal trustee. See Magnus One, supra .

22With respect to the first branch of the test for sanctioning a proposal, the debtor must satisfy the court that the proposal is reasonable. The court is authorized to only approve proposals which are reasonable and calculated to benefit the general body of creditors. The court should also consider the payment terms of the proposal and whether the distributions provided for are adequate to meet the requirements of commercial morality and maintaining the integrity of the bankruptcy system. For a discussion on this point, see Lofchik, supra , and Farrell, supra .

23In this case, the Applicants submit that, if the Consolidated Proposal is sanctioned, they would be in a position to satisfy all other conditions precedent to closing on or prior to the date of the proposal (“Proposal Implementation Date”).

24With respect to the treatment of the Collective Bargaining Agreements, the Applicants and the CAW brought a joint application before the Ontario Labour Relations Board (“OLRB”) on an expedited basis seeking the OLRB’s consent to an early termination of the Collective Bargaining Agreements. Further, the CAW has agreed to abandon its collective bargaining rights in connection with the Collective Bargaining Agreements.

25With respect to the terms and conditions of a Senior Secured Loan Agreement between Budd Canada and TK Finance dated as of December 22, 2010, TK Finance provided a secured creditor facility to the Applicants to fund certain working capital requirements before and during the BIA proposal proceedings. As a result of the approval of the Consolidated Proposal at the meeting of creditors, TK Finance agreed to provide additional credit facilities to Budd Canada such that the Applicants would be in a position to pay all amounts required to be paid by or on behalf of the Applicants in connection with the Consolidated Proposal.

26On the issue as to whether creditors will receive greater recovery under the Consolidated Proposal than they would receive in the bankruptcy, it is noted that creditors with Pension Claims are unaffected by the Consolidated Proposal. The Consolidated Proposal provides for the satisfaction of Pension Claims in full as a condition precedent to implementation.

27With respect to Affected Creditors, the Applicants submit that they will receive far greater recovery from distributions under the Consolidated Proposal than the Affected Creditors would receive in the event of the bankruptcies of the Applicants. (See Sanction Affidavit of Mr. Aziz at para. 61.)

28The Proposal Trustee has stated that the Consolidated Proposal is advantageous to creditors for the reasons outlined in its Report and, in particular:

(a) the recoveries to creditors with claims in respect of OPEBs are considerably greater under the Amended Proposal than in a bankruptcy;

(b) payments under the Amended Proposal are expected in a timely manner shortly after the implementation of the Amended Proposal;

(c) the timing and quantum of distributions pursuant to the Amended Proposal are certain while distributions under a bankruptcy are dependent on the results of litigation, which cannot be predicted with certainty; and

(d) the Pension Plans (as described in the Proposal Trustee’s Report) will be fully funded with funds from the Pension Escrow (as described in the Proposal Trustee’s Report) and, if necessary, additional funding from an affiliate of the Companies if the funds in the Pension Escrow are not sufficient. In a bankruptcy, the Pension Plans may not be fully funded.

29The Applicants take the position that the Consolidated Proposal meets the requirements of commercial morality and maintains the integrity of the bankruptcy system, in light of the superior coverage to be afforded to the Applicants’ creditors under the Consolidated Proposal than in the event of bankruptcy.

30The Applicants also submit that substantive consolidation inherent in the proposal will not prejudice any of the Affected Creditors and is appropriate in the circumstances. Although not expressly contemplated under the BIA , the Applicants submit that the court may look to its incidental, ancillary and auxiliary jurisdiction under s. 183 of the BIA and its equitable jurisdiction to grant an order for substantive consolidation. See Ashley v. Marlow Group Private Portfolio Management Inc . (2006) 2006 31307 (ON SC) , 22 CBR (5th) 126 (Ont. S.C.J.) (Commercial List). In deciding whether to grant substantive consolidation, courts have held that it should not be done at the expense of, or possible prejudice of, any particular creditor. See Ashley , supra . However, counsel submits that this court should take into account practical business considerations in applying the BIA . See A & F Baillargeon Express Inc. (Trustee of) (Re) (1993), 27 CBR (3d) 36 .

31In this case, the Applicants submit that substantive consolidation inherent in the Consolidated Proposal is appropriate in the circumstances due to, among other things, the intertwined nature of the Applicants’ assets and liabilities. Each Applicant had substantially the same creditor base and known liabilities (other than certain Excluded Claims). In addition, KFL had no cash or cash equivalents and the Applicants are each dependant on the Escrow Funds and borrowings under the Restated Senior Secured Loan Agreement to fund the same underlying pension and OPEB obligations and costs relating to the Proposal Proceedings.

32The Applicants submit that creditors in neither estate will be materially prejudiced by substantive consolidation and based on the fact that no creditor objected to the substantial consolidation, counsel submits the Consolidated Proposal ought to be approved.

33With respect to whether the Consolidated Proposal is calculated to benefit the general body of creditors, TK Finance would be entitled to priority distributions out of the estate in a bankruptcy scenario. However, the Applicants and their affiliates have agreed to forego recoveries under the Consolidated Proposal on account of their secured and unsecured inter-company claims in the amount of approximately $120 million, thus enhancing the level of recovery for the Affected Creditors, virtually all of whom are OPEB creditors. It is also noted that TK Finance will be contributing over $35 million to fund the Consolidated Proposal.

34On this basis, the Applicants submit that the Consolidated Proposal is calculated to benefit the general body of creditors.

35With respect to the requirement of the proposal being made in good faith, the debtor must satisfy the court that it has provided full disclosure to its creditors of its assets and encumbrances against such assets.

36In this case, the Applicants and the Proposal Trustee have involved the creditors pursuant to the Representative Counsel Order, and through negotiations with the Union Representative Counsel and Non-Union Representative Counsel.

37There is also evidence that the Applicants have widely disseminated information regarding their BIA proposal proceedings through the media and through postings on the Proposal Trustee’s website. Information packages have also prepared by the Proposal Trustee for the creditors.

38Finally, the Proposal Trustee has noted that the Applicants’ conduct, both prior to and subsequent to the commencement of the BIA proposal proceedings, is not subject to censure in any respect and that the Applicants’ have acted in good faith.

39There is also evidence that the Consolidated Proposal continues requisite statutory terms. The Consolidated Proposal provides for the payment of preferred claims under s. 136(1) of the BIA .

40Section 7.1 of the Consolidated Proposal contains a broad release in favour of the Applicants and in favour of certain third parties (the “Release”). In particular, the Release benefits the Proposal Trustee, Martinrea, the CAW, Union Representative Counsel, Non-Union Representative Counsel, Blue Cross, the Escrow Agent, the present and former shareholders and affiliates of the Applicants (including Thyssenkrupp USA, Inc. (“TK USA”), TK Finance, Thyssenkrupp Canada Inc. (“TK Canada”) and Thyssenkrupp Budd Company), as well as their subsidiaries, directors, officers, members, partners, employees, auditors, financial advisors, legal counsel and agents of any of these parties and any person liable jointly or derivatively through any or all of the beneficiaries of the of the release (referred to individually as a “Released Party”).

41The Release covers all Affected Claims, Pension Claims and Escrow Fund Claims existing on or prior to the later of the Proposal Implementation Date and the date on which actions are taken to implement the Consolidated Proposal.

42The Release provides that all such claims are released and waived (other than the right to enforce the Applicants’ or Proposal Trustee’s obligations under the Consolidated Proposal) to the full extent permitted by applicable law. However, nothing in the Consolidated Proposal releases or discharges any Released Party for any criminal or other wilful misconduct or any present or former directors of the Applicants with respect to any matters set out in s. 50(14) of the BIA . Unaffected Claims are specifically carved out of the Release.

43The Applicants submit that the Release is both permissible under the BIA and appropriately granted in the context of the BIA proposal proceedings. Further, counsel submits, to the extent that the Release benefits third parties other than the Applicants, the Release is not prohibited by the BIA and it satisfies the criteria that has been established in granting third-party releases under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (“ CCAA ”). Moreover, counsel submits that the scope of the Release is no broader than necessary to give effect to the purpose of the Consolidated Proposal and the contributions made by the third parties to the success of the Consolidated Proposal.

44No creditors or stakeholders objected to the scope of the Release which was fully disclosed in the negotiations, including the fact that the inclusion of the third-party releases was required to be part of the Consolidated Proposal. Counsel advises that the scope of the Release was referred to in the materials sent by the Proposal Trustee to the Affected Creditors prior to the meeting, specifically discussed at the meeting and adopted by the unanimous vote of the voting Affected Creditors.

45Counsel also submits that there is no provision in the BIA that clearly and expressly precludes the Applicants from including the Release in the Consolidated Proposal as long as the court is satisfied that the Consolidated Proposal is reasonable and for the general benefit of creditors.

46In this respect, it seems to me, that the governing statutes should not be technically or stringently interpreted in the insolvency context but, rather, should be interpreted in a manner that is flexible rather than technical and literal, in order to deal with the numerous situations and variations which arise from time to time. Further, taking a technical approach to the interpretation of the BIA would defeat the purpose of the legislation. See NTW Management Group (Re) (1994), 29 CBR (3d) 139 ; Olympia & York Developments Ltd. (Re) (1995), 1995 7380 (ON SC) , 34 CBR (3d) 93; Olympia & York Developments Ltd. (Re) (1997), 1997 12400 (ON SC) , 45 CBR (3d) 85.

47Moreover, the statutes which deal with the same subject matter are to be interpreted with the presumption of harmony, coherence and consistency. See NAV Canada c. Wilmington Trust Co. , 2006 SCC 24 . This principle militates in favour of adopting an interpretation of the BIA that is harmonious, to the greatest extent possible, with the interpretation that has been given to the CCAA .

48Counsel points out that historically, some case law has taken the position that s. 62(3) of the BIA precludes a proposal from containing a release that benefits third parties. Counsel submits that this result is not supported by a plain meaning of s. 62(3) and its interaction with other key sections in the BIA .

49Subsection 62(3) of the BIA reads as follows:

(3) The acceptance of a proposal by a creditor does not release any person who would not be released under this Act by the discharge of the debtor.

50Counsel submits that there are two possible interpretations of this subsection:

(a) It prohibits third party releases – in other words, the phrase “does not release any person” is interpreted to mean “cannot release any person”; or

(b) It simply states that acceptance of a proposal does not automatically release any party other than the debtor – in other words, the phrase “does not release any person” is interpreted to mean “does not release any person without more”; it is protective not prohibitive.

51I agree with counsel’s submission that the latter interpretation of s. 62(3) of the BIA conforms with the grammatical and ordinary sense of the words used. If Parliament had intended that only the debtor could be released, s. 62(3) would have been drafted more simply to say exactly that.

52Counsel further submits that the narrow interpretation would be a stringent and inflexible interpretation of the BIA , contrary to accepted wisdom that the BIA should be interpreted in a flexible, purposive manner.

53The BIA proposal provisions are designed to offer debtors an opportunity to carry out a going concern or value maximizing restructuring in order to avoid a bankruptcy and related liquidation and that these purposes justify taking a broad, flexible and purposive approach to the interpretation of the relevant provisions. This interpretation is supported by Ted Leroy Trucking Ltd. (Re) , 2010 SCC 60 .

54Further, I agree with counsel’s submissions that a more flexible purposive interpretation is in keeping with modern statutory principles and the need to give purposive interpretation to insolvency legislation must start from the proposition that there is no express prohibition in the BIA against including third-party releases in a proposal. At most, there are certain limited constraints on the scope of such releases, such as in s. 179 of the BIA , and the provision dealing specifically with the release of directors.

55In the absence of an express prohibition against including third-party releases in a proposal, counsel submits that it must be presumed that such releases are permitted (subject to compliance with any limited express restrictions, such as in the case of a release of directors). By extension, counsel submits that the court is entitled to approve a proposal containing a third-party release if the court is able to satisfy itself that the proposal (including the third-party release) is reasonable and for the general benefit for creditors such that all creditors (including the minority who did not vote in favour of the proposal) can be required to forego their claims against parties other than the debtors.

56The Applicants also submit that s. 62(3) of the BIA can only be properly understood when read together with other key sections of the BIA , particularly s. 179 which concerns the effect of an order of discharge:

179. An order of discharge does not release a person who at the time of the bankruptcy was a partner or co-trustee with the bankrupt or was jointly bound or had made a joint contract with the bankrupt, or a person who was surety or in the nature of a surety for the bankrupt.

57The order of discharge of a bankrupt has the effect of releasing the bankrupt from all claims provable in bankruptcy ( section 178(2) BIA ). In the absence of s. 179 , this release could result in the automatic release at law of certain types of claims that are identified in s. 179. For example, under guarantee law, the discharge of the principal debt results in the automatic discharge of a guarantor. Similarly, counsel points out the settlement or satisfaction of a debt by one joint obligor generally results in the automatic release of both joint obligors. Section 179 therefore serves the limited purpose of altering the result that would incur at law, indicating that the rule that the BIA generally is that there is no automatic release of third-party guarantors of co-obligors when a bankrupt is discharged.

58Counsel submits that s. 62(3) , which confirms that s. 179 applies to a proposal, was clearly intended to fulfil a very limited role – namely, to confirm that there is no automatic release of the specific types of co-obligors identified in s. 179 when a proposal is approved by the creditors and by the court. Counsel submits that it does not go further and preclude the creditors and the court from approving a proposal which contains the third-party release of the types of co-obligors set out in s. 179 . I am in agreement with these submissions.

59Specific considerations also apply when releasing directors of a debtor company. The BIA contains specific limitations on the permissible scope of such releases as set out in s. 50(14) . For this reason, there is a specific section in the BIA proposal provisions outlining the principles governing such a release. However, counsel argues, the presence of the provisions outlining the circumstances in which a proposal can contain a release of claims against the debtor’s directors does not give rise to an inference that the directors are the only third parties that can be released in a proposal. Rather, the inference is that there are considerations applicable to a release or compromise of claims against directors that do not apply generally to other third parties. Hence, it is necessary to deal with this particular type of compromise and release expressly.

60I am also in agreement with the alternative submissions made by counsel in this area to the effect that if s. 62(3) of the BIA operates as a prohibition it refers only to those limitations that are expressly identified in the BIA , such as in s. 179 of the BIA and the specific limitations on the scope of releases that can benefit directors of the debtor.

61Counsel submits that the Applicants’ position regarding the proper interpretation of s. 62(3) of the BIA and its place in the scheme of the BIA is consistent with the generally accepted principle that a proposal under the BIA is a contract. See Metcalfe & Mansfield Alternative Investments II Corp. (Ltd.) , 2008 ONSC 587; Employers’ Liability Assurance Corp. v. Ideal Petroleum (1953) Ltd ., 1976 142 (SCC) , [1978] 1 SCR 230; and Society of Composeurs, Authors & Music Publishers of Canada v. Armitage (2000), 2000 16921 (ON CA) , 20 CBR (4th) 160 (C.A.). Consequently, counsel submits that parties are entitled to put anything into a proposal that could lawfully be incorporated into any contract (see Air Canada (Re) (2004), 2004 34416 (ON SC) , 2 CBR (5th) 4) and that given that the prescribed majority creditors have the statutory right under the BIA to bind a minority, however, this principle is subject to any limitations that are contained in the express wording of the BIA .

62On this point, it seems to me, that any provision of the BIA which purports to limit the ability of the debtor to contract with its creditors should be clear and explicit. To hold otherwise would result in severely limiting the debtor’s ability to contract with its creditors, thereby the decreasing the likelihood that a viable proposal could be reached. This would manifestly defeat the purpose of the proposal provisions of the BIA .

63The Applicants further submit that creditors’ interests – including the interests of the minority creditors who do not vote in favour of a proposal containing a third-party release – are sufficiently protected by the overriding ability of a court to refuse to approve a proposal with an overly broad third-party release, or where the release results in the proposal failing to demonstrate that it is for the benefit of the general body of creditors. The Applicants submit that the application of the Metcalfe criteria to the release is a mechanism whereby this court can assure itself that these preconditions to approve the Consolidated Proposal contained in the Release have been satisfied.

64The Applicants acknowledge that there are several cases in which courts have held that a BIA proposal that includes a third-party release cannot be approved by the court but submits that these cases are based on a mistaken premise, are readily distinguishable and do not reflect the modern approach to Canadian insolvency law. Further, they submit that none of these cases are binding on this court and should not be followed.

65In Kern Agencies Ltd. (No. 2) (Re) (1931), 1931 287 (SK CA) , 13 CBR 11, the court refused to approve a proposal that contained a release of the debtor’s directors, officers and employees. Counsel points out that the court’s refusal was based on a provision of the predecessor to the BIA which specifically provided that a proposal could only be binding on creditors (as far as relates to any debts due to them from the debtor). The current BIA does not contain equivalent general language. This case is clearly distinguishable.

66In Mister C’s Ltd. (Re) , (1995) 32 CBR (3d) 242 , the court refused to approve a proposal that had received creditor approval. The court cited numerous bases for its conclusion that the proposal was not reasonable or calculated to benefit the general body of creditors, one of which was the release of the principals of the debtor company. The scope of the release was only one of the issues with the proposal, which had additional significant issues (procedural irregularities, favourable terms for insiders, and inequitable treatment of creditors generally). I agree with counsel to the Applicants that this case can be distinguished.

67Re Cosmic Adventures Halifax Inc . (1999) 1999 1844 (NS SC) , 13 CBR (4 th ) 22 relies on Kern and furthermore the Applicants submit that the discussion of third-party releases is technically obiter because the proposal was amended on consent.

68The fourth case is C.F.G. Construction Inc. (Re) , 2010 CarswellQue 10226 where the Quebec Superior Court refused to approve a proposal containing a release of two sureties of the debtor. The case was decided on alternate grounds – either that the BIA did not permit a release of sureties, or in any event, the release could not be justified on the facts. I agree with the Applicants that this case is distinguishable. The case deals with the release of sureties and does not stand for any broader proposition.

69In general, the Applicants’ submission on this issue is that the court should apply the decision of the Court of Appeal for Ontario in Metcalfe , together with the binding principle set out by the Supreme Court in Ted Leroy Trucking , dictating a more liberal approach to the permissibility of third-party releases in BIA proposals than is taken by the Quebec court in C.F.G. Construction Inc . I agree.

70The object of proposals under the BIA is to permit the debtor to restructure its business and, where possible, avoid the social and economic costs of liquidating its assets, which is precisely the same purpose as the CCAA . Although there are some differences between the two regimes and the BIA can generally be characterized as more “rules based”, the thrust of the case law and the legislative reform has been towards harmonizing aspects of insolvency law common to the two statutory schemes to the extent possible, encouraging reorganization over liquidation. See Ted Leroy Trucking .

71Recent case law has indicated that, in appropriate circumstances, third-party releases can be included in a plan of compromise and arrangement that is approved under the CCAA . See Metcalfe . The CCAA does not contain any express provisions permitting such third-party releases apart from certain limitations that apply to the compromise of claims against directors of the debtor company. See CCAA s. 5.1 and Allen-Vanguard Corporation (Re), 2011 ONSC 733 .

72Counsel submits that although the mechanisms for dealing with the release of sureties and similar claimants are somewhat different in the BIA and CCAA , the differences are not of such significance that the presence of s. 62(3) of the BIA should be viewed as dictating a different approach to third-party releases generally from the approach that applies under the CCAA . I agree with this submission.

73I also accept that if s. 62(3) of the BIA is interpreted as a prohibition against including the third-party release in the BIA proposal, the BIA and the CCAA would be in clear disharmony on this point. An interpretation of the BIA which leads to a result that is different from the CCAA should only be adopted pursuant to clear statutory language which, in my view, is not present in the BIA .

74The most recent and persuasive example of the application of such a harmonious approach to the interpretation of the BIA and the CCAA can be found in Ted Leroy Trucking .

75At issue in Ted Leroy Trucking was how to resolve an apparent conflict between the deemed trust provisions of the Excise Tax Act and the provisions of the CCAA . The language of the Excise Tax Act created a deemed trust over GST amounts collected by the debtor that was stated to apply “despite any other Act of Parliament”. The CCAA stated that the deemed trust for GST did not apply under the CCAA , unless the funds otherwise specified the criteria for a “true” trust. The court was required to determine which federal provision should prevail.

76By contrast, the same issue did not arise under the BIA , due to the language in the Excise Tax Act specifically indicating that the continued existence of the deemed trust depended on the terms of the BIA . The BIA contained a similar provision to the CCAA indicating that the deemed trust for GST amounts would no longer apply in a BIA proceeding.

77Deschamps J., on behalf of six other members of the court, with Fish J. concurring and Abella J. dissenting, held that the proper interpretation of the statutes was that the CCAA provision should prevail, the deemed trust under the Excise Tax Act would cease to exist in a CCAA proceeding. In resolving the conflict between the Excise Tax Act and the CCAA , Deschamps J. noted the strange asymmetry which would arise if the BIA and CCAA were not in harmony on this issue:

Moreover, a strange asymmetry would arise if the interpretation giving the ETA priority over the CCAA urged by the Crown is adopted here: the Crown would retain priority over GST claims during CCAA proceedings but not in bankruptcy. As courts have reflected, this can only encourage statute shopping by secured creditors in cases such as this one where the debtor’s assets cannot satisfy both the secured creditors’ and the Crown’s claims ( Gauntlet , at para. 21). If creditors’ claims were better protected by liquidation under the BIA , creditors’ incentives would lie overwhelmingly with avoiding proceedings under the CCAA and not risking a failed reorganization. Giving a key player in any insolvency such skewed incentives against reorganizing under the CCAA can only undermine that statute’s remedial objectives and risk inviting the very social ills that it was enacted to avert.

78It seems to me that these principles indicate that the court should generally strive, where the language of both statutes can support it, to give both statutes a harmonious interpretation to avoid the ills that can arise from “statute-shopping”. These considerations, counsel submits, militate against adopting a strained reading of s. 62(3) of the BIA as a prohibition against third-party releases in a BIA proposal. I agree. In my opinion, there is no principled basis on which the analysis and treatment of a third-party release in a BIA proposal proceeding should differ from a CCAA proceeding.

79The Applicants submit that it logically follows that the court is entitled to approve the Consolidated Proposal, including the Release, on the basis that it is reasonable and calculated to benefit the general body of creditors. Further, in keeping with the principles of harmonious interpretation of the BIA and the CCAA , the court should satisfy itself that the Metcalfe criteria, which apply to the approval of a third-party release under the CCAA, has been satisfied in relation to the Release.

80In Metcalfe , the Court of Appeal for Ontario held that the requirements that must be satisfied to justify a third-party release are:

(a) the parties to be released are necessary and essential to the restructuring of the debtor;

(b) the claims to be released are rationally related to the purpose of the Plan (Proposal) and necessary for it;

(c) the Plan (Proposal) cannot succeed without the releases;

(d) the parties who are to have claims against them released are contributing in a tangible and realistic way to the Plan (Proposal); and

(e) the Plan (Proposal) will benefit not only the debtor companies but creditors generally.

81These requirements have also been referenced in Canwest Global Communications Corp. (Re), 2010 ONSC 4209 () , 70 CBR (5th) 1 and Angiotech Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Re) 76 CBR (5th) 210 .

82No single requirement listed above is determinative and the analysis must take into account the facts particular to each claim.

83The Applicants submit that the Release satisfies each of the Metcalfe criteria. Firstly, counsel submits that following the closing of the Asset Purchase Agreement in 2006, Budd Canada had no operating assets or income and relied on inter-company advances to fund the pension and OPEB requirements to be made by Budd Canada on behalf of KFL pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement. Such funded amounts total approximately $112.7 million in pension payments and $24.6 million in OPEB payments between the closing of the Asset Purchase Agreement and the Filing Date. In addition, TK Finance has been providing Budd Canada and KFL with the necessary funding to pay the professional and other costs associated with the BIA Proposal Proceedings and will continue to fund such amounts through the Proposal Implementation Date. Moreover, TK Canada and TK Finance have agreed to forego recoveries under the Consolidated Proposal on account of their existing secured and unsecured inter-company loans in the amount of approximately $120 million.

84Counsel submits that the releases provided in respect of the Applicants’ affiliates are the quid pro quo for the sacrifices made by such affiliates to significantly enlarge recoveries for the unsecured creditors of the Applicants, particularly the OPEB creditors and reflects that the affiliates have provided over $135 million over the last five years in respect of the pension and OPEB amounts and additional availability of approximately $49 million to allow the Applicants to discharge their obligations to their former employees and retirees. Without the Releases, counsel submits, the Applicants’ affiliates would have little or no incentive to contribute funds to the Consolidated Proposal and to waive their own rights against the Applicants.

85The Release in favour of Martinrea is fully discussed at paragraphs 121-127 of the factum. The Applicants submit that the third-party releases set out in the Consolidated Proposal are clearly rationally related, necessary and essential to the Consolidated Proposal and are not overly broad.

86Having reviewed the submissions in detail, I am in agreement that the Released Parties are contributing in a tangible and realistic way to the Consolidated Proposal.

87I am also satisfied that without the Applicants’ commitment to include the Release in the Consolidated Proposal to protect the Released Parties, it is unlikely that certain of such parties would have been prepared to support the Consolidated Proposal. The releases provided in respect of the Applicants’ affiliates are particularly significant in this regard, since the sacrifices and monetary contributions of such affiliates are the primary reason that the Applicants have been able to make the Consolidated Proposal. Further, I am also satisfied that without the Release, the Applicants would be unable to satisfy the borrowing conditions under the Amended and Restated Senior Secured Loan Agreement with respect to the Applicants having only certain permitted liabilities after the Proposal Implementation Date. The alternative for the Applicants is bankruptcy, a scenario in which their affiliates’ claims aggregating approximately $120 million would significantly erode recoveries for the unsecured creditors of the Applicants.

88I am also satisfied that the Releases benefit the Applicants and creditors generally. The primary non-affiliated Creditors of the Applicants are the OPEB Creditors and Creditors with Pension Claims, together with the CRA. The Consolidated Proposal, in my view, clearly benefits these Creditors by generating higher recoveries than could be obtained from the bankruptcies of the Applicants. Moreover, the timing of any such bankruptcy recoveries is uncertain. As noted by the Proposal Trustee, the amount that the Affected Creditors would receive in the event of the bankruptcies of the Applicants is uncertain both in terms of quantum and timing, with the Applicants’ funding of OPEB Claims terminating on bankruptcy, but distributions to the OPEB Creditors and other Creditors delayed for at least a year or two but perhaps much longer.

89The Applicants and their affiliates also benefit from the Release as an affiliate of the Applicants may become enabled to use the net operating losses (NOL) following a series of transactions that are expected to occur immediately following the Proposal Implementation Date.

90I am also satisfied that the Applicants have provided full and adequate disclosure of the Releases and their effect. Full disclosure was made in the proposal term sheet circulated to both Representative Counsel in early August 2011. The Release was negotiated as part of the Consolidated Proposal and the scope of the Release was disclosed by the Proposal Trustee in its Report to the creditors on the terms of the Consolidated Proposal, which Report was circulated by the Proposal Trustee to the Applicants’ known creditors in advance of the creditors’ meeting.

91I am satisfied that the Applicants, with the assistance of the Proposal Trustee, took appropriate steps to ensure that the Affected Creditors were aware of the existence of the release provisions prior to the creditors’ meeting.

92For the foregoing reasons, I have concluded that the Release contained in the Consolidated Proposal meets the Metcalfe criteria and should be approved.

93In the result, I am satisfied that the section 59(2) BIA test has been met and that it is appropriate to grant the Sanction Order in the form of the draft order attached to the Motion Record. An order has been signed to give effect to the foregoing.