ONCA 2025

The applicant, Melissa Hart, sought to reopen her application for leave to appeal a conviction for driving with a blood alcohol content over 80mg per 100ml.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario dismissed her application, finding that the Charter arguments and evidence she sought to introduce were neither fresh nor novel, as they had already been considered in previous proceedings.

The court held that there was no merit to the application and declined to consider its jurisdiction to reopen a decision not to reopen a dismissal of a leave to appeal application.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario dismissed Surefire Dividend Capture, LP’s appeal from the Superior Court’s decision denying insurance coverage for losses suffered in a Ponzi scheme perpetrated by Brenda Smith, CEO of Broad Reach Capital, LP.

The court held that the fidelity bond did not cover losses caused by fraudulent acts of a sub-advisor’s directing mind, as the bond’s language did not extend “Employee” status to such individuals.

The court also found no coverage for “Theft of Customer Property” because SDC no longer had a property interest in the funds once invested in BRC.

The trial judge’s interpretation of the bond was entitled to deference, and no reversible error was found.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario allowed J.C.'s appeal in part, setting aside his designation as a dangerous offender and substituting a designation as a long-term offender, while upholding the determinate sentence and 10-year long-term supervision order (LTSO).

The court found that the trial judge erred by failing to consider intractability at the designation stage, as required by R. v. Boutilier, but found no reviewable error in the trial judge’s findings regarding the patterns of behaviour or assessment of the criminal record.

The appellant, K.R., was convicted of obstructing justice in relation to her niece, J.D.R., after attempting to cover up sexual assaults committed by her co-accused, D.V. The trial judge allowed the Crown to amend the information to conform to the evidence, and convicted K.R. on the amended charge.

On appeal, K.R. argued that the amendment caused irreparable prejudice and that the trial judge erred in assessing the complainants’ credibility.

The Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal, finding no error in the amendment or the credibility assessment.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario denied the Crown's application for leave to appeal a Provincial Offences Appeal Court (POAC) decision upholding the City of Greater Sudbury's acquittal on charges under the Occupational Health and Safety Act.

The case arose from a fatal workplace accident involving a road grader operated by a contractor.

The court found that the trial judge and POAC judge properly applied the due diligence defence and that the issues raised by the Crown did not meet the high threshold for a second-level appeal.

The decision clarifies the application of due diligence in occupational health and safety prosecutions, emphasizing that such defences must be directed at the specific violations alleged and that findings of control are primarily factual.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario considered a motion by Barbara Lang-Newlands regarding the operation of the automatic stay under rule 63.01 of the Rules of Civil Procedure following a family law trial judgment.

The court addressed whether certain monetary awards (post-separation adjustments) should be characterized as support and thus exempt from the stay, and whether the stay should be lifted or maintained on various payments pending appeal.

The court declined to recharacterize the payments as support, but exercised its discretion to lift the stay on Ian Newlands' obligation to pay post-separation adjustments, given the risk that Barb would not recover the funds if the stay remained.

The court ordered Barb to pay Ian the net difference and expedited the appeal.

The appellant, Clayton Williams, appealed his conviction and indeterminate sentence for offences arising from two break and enters, one involving the sexual assault of a 13-year-old girl.

The Court of Appeal rejected arguments that the verdict was unreasonable, that the search warrant was invalid, and that a determinate sentence with long-term supervision was more appropriate.

The court found the trial judge’s factual findings and risk assessment reasonable and dismissed the appeal.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario dismissed a motion by Rajinder Singh Rathee to amend a previous appellate decision regarding the quantum of lump sum spousal support.

The court held that the alleged error was not a clerical or accidental slip within the meaning of Rule 59.06(1) of the Rules of Civil Procedure, but rather a substantive disagreement with the court’s reasoning.

The motion was dismissed and costs were awarded to Noelle Heen-Lune Rathee.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario dismissed Manpreet Dhaliwal’s appeal from the trial decision and costs order in her family and civil actions against Hardeep Singh Nijher and his family.

The court found no legal or factual errors in the trial judge’s findings regarding property equalization, spousal support, and damages for intentional infliction of mental distress.

The trial judge’s credibility findings against the appellant were upheld, and the court found no evidence of bias or procedural unfairness.

Leave to appeal the costs order was also denied.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario considered whether arbitrators may order a higher-priority automobile insurer to reimburse a lower-priority insurer for pre-arbitration expenses incurred in handling a Statutory Accident Benefits (SABs) claim, outside the specific circumstances set out in Ontario Regulation 283/95.

The court held that, except in cases of improper deflection as provided in s. 2.1(7) of the regulation, arbitrators do not have authority to order such reimbursement.

The appeal was allowed, restoring the arbitrator’s decision that Unifund was not required to reimburse Echelon for its pre-arbitration expenses.

The moving parties sought an extension of time to perfect their appeals from orders compelling the sale of a condominium and imposing a non-harassment order.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario dismissed the motion, finding the delay unsatisfactorily explained, the appeal lacking merit, and ongoing prejudice to the responding parties.

The court awarded costs to the responding parties.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario considered whether a search warrant was validly issued in a drug trafficking case.

The appellant argued that the Information to Obtain (ITO) was misleading and incomplete, and that the reviewing judge improperly relied on evidence not before the issuing judge.

The Court found a breach of section 8 of the Charter but held that the evidence should not be excluded under section 24(2), as the breach was not serious, the police acted in good faith, and the evidence was critical to the Crown's case.

The appeal was dismissed.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario allowed the appeal in part, finding that the trial judge erred in failing to address the appellants’ limitations defence to the “TCS Opportunities” claim.

The appellate court held that the TCS Opportunities claim was a new cause of action, added outside the limitation period, and was therefore statute-barred.

The damages award was reduced accordingly.

The court rejected the appellants’ other ground of appeal regarding the drawing of an adverse inference about source code production, finding no error in the trial judge’s approach.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario granted the Crown’s application to revoke the respondent’s bail pending retrial on historical sexual offences.

The court found that the motion judge erred in law by concluding that the release order was a nullity due to a typographical error referencing the wrong provision of the Criminal Code.

The error was deemed minor and not prejudicial.

The respondent’s breach of a condition prohibiting contact with children under 16 was established, and the release order was revoked.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario dismissed Arsenije Lojovic’s conviction appeal but allowed his sentence appeal, reducing his sentence from 10 years to 8 years (less pre-trial custody).

The court found that the trial judge erred by treating Lojovic’s bipolar disorder as an aggravating factor rather than a mitigating one.

The decision reviews the proper approach to NCR (not criminally responsible) assessments and the role of mental illness in sentencing, emphasizing that mental health conditions can reduce moral blameworthiness and the weight of deterrence and denunciation.

The appellant, B.B., was convicted of sexual assault and two counts of common assault against his stepdaughter, N.S., following a trial in the Superior Court of Justice.

He appealed only the sexual assault conviction, arguing that the trial judge misapprehended the evidence regarding the timing of the most serious sexual assaults and erred in rejecting the testimony of S.B., the complainants’ mother.

The majority of the Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal, finding no misapprehension of the evidence.

However, Dawe J.A., dissenting, would have allowed the appeal and ordered a new trial, concluding that the trial judge’s error regarding the timing of the assaults played an essential part in the reasoning process leading to conviction.

The applicant, Jessica Martin, sought a review of her bail denial after being charged with several offences, including first degree murder (later dropped), kidnapping, obstructing justice, accessory after the fact to murder, aggravated assault, and assault causing bodily harm.

The Court considered whether there was a material change in circumstances, legal error, or whether the detention was "clearly unwarranted." The Court found no material change, no legal or palpable and overriding error, and that the decision to detain was reasonable.

The application was dismissed.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario considered whether a medical office building in Toronto was held as an asset of a partnership or as a tenancy in common.

The appellants, majority owners, sought a declaration of partnership and related relief, while the respondents argued for a sale under the Partition Act.

The Court upheld the motion judge’s finding that no partnership existed, but found error in the order dispensing with the appellants’ consent to the sale of the property.

The Court directed a reference to an associate judge for the sale and denied leave to appeal the costs order.

The Court of Appeal for Ontario dismissed the appeal by Temagami Barge Limited and Dashiel Lowery Delarosbel from an order restraining their use of property for 13 uses found to contravene municipal zoning by-laws.

The court upheld the application judge’s findings on legal non-conforming use, the treatment of expert evidence, and the appropriateness of proceeding by application.

The court also found no error in the award of costs to the municipality, noting that leave to appeal costs was not sought as required.

Costs of the appeal were fixed at $25,000 to the municipality.

The appellant, Seyed Amir Yaghoubi-Araghi, appealed his convictions and sentence for firearm and drug offences following a R.I.D.E. stop, police pursuit, and search that uncovered a handgun and methamphetamine.

He argued that the trial judge erred in failing to exclude the evidence due to breaches of his rights under section 10(b) of the Charter.

The Court of Appeal found that while the trial judge properly recognized the seriousness of the Charter breaches, the evidence was lawfully obtained and the balancing of factors under R. v. Grant did not warrant exclusion.

The conviction and sentence appeals were dismissed.