Court File and Parties
Court File No.: CV-23-00695935-00ES Date: 20230615 Superior Court of Justice - Ontario
Re: Jocelyn Oliver Cruz, Applicant -and - The Public Guardian and Trustee, Respondent
Before: Myers, J.
Counsel: David Morgan Smith, Counsel, for the Applicant Andrea Harper Counsel, for the Respondent
Heard: June 6, 2023*
Endorsement of Justice Myers
[1] The deceased prepared his own will. It is clearly drafted as a will. It expresses his testamentary intention in clear terms. But he did not quite get the concept of “witnessing” a signature.
[2] The deceased gave the will in a sealed envelope to his chosen executor. He did not have the will witnessed. But he knew it needed to be witnessed. So, he put a note to the executor in the envelope asking the executor to get the will witnessed.
[3] Of course, it is now too late. So, under s. 4 (2) of the Succession Law Reform Act, RSO 1990, c S.26 the will would fail for want of formality.
[4] But there is a new section designed to save wills like this one that lacks proper execution. Section 21.1 of the statute provides:
21.1 (1) If the Superior Court of Justice is satisfied that a document or writing that was not properly executed or made under this Act sets out the testamentary intentions of a deceased or an intention of a deceased to revoke, alter or revive a will of the deceased, the Court may, on application, order that the document or writing is as valid and fully effective as the will of the deceased, or as the revocation, alteration or revival of the will of the deceased, as if it had been properly executed or made. [Emphasis added.]
[5] The section only applies where a deceased dies after January 1, 2022. In this case the deceased died on January 13, 2022. So his will qualifies.
[6] I accept that the standard of proof of the facts set out in the section is the balance of probabilities. I have already found above the bolded facts that are needed to invoke the curative power in the section.
[7] I accept as well that the burden is on the propounder to establish that the purported will is authentic. That is easy in this case as it was handed to the executor by the deceased and the executor swears as to the authenticity and his continuity of possession of the will in a sealed envelope.
[8] There is caselaw from Western provinces requiring “clear and convincing” proof. While one can discuss different qualities of different evidence, at the end of the day there is only one standard of proof.
[9] I am satisfied that this document "records a deliberate or fixed and final expression of intention as to the disposal of the deceased's property on death”. Estate of Young, 2015 BCSC 182, at para. 35. That’s all that it does. It purports to be a will. It is signed in the deceased’s hand. The deceased just blew the formalities. Fixing this type of mistake is precisely what s. 21.1 seems to be for.
[10] Mr. Smith will fix the draft judgment as discussed at the hearing and may submit it to me for signing through my Judicial Assistant.
Myers, J. Date: June 6, 2023
- Revised June 15, 2023 for typos as indicated in paras. 2, 4, and 5

