BETWEEN:
GARG INVESTMENTS INC.,
Appellant,
and
HIS MAJESTY THE KING,
Respondent.
Appeal heard on March 7, 2023, at Toronto, Ontario.
Before: The Honourable Justice Ronald MacPhee
Appearances:
Counsel for the Appellant:
James Pendergast Jason Rosen Bryan Godkin
Counsel for the Respondent:
Humza Khalid
JUDGMENT
In accordance with the attached Reasons for Judgment, the appeal is dismissed without costs.
Signed at Ottawa, Canada this 17th day of May 2023.
“ R. MacPhee”
MacPhee J.
BETWEEN:
GARG INVESTMENTS INC.,
Appellant,
and
HIS MAJESTY THE KING,
Respondent.
REASONS FOR JUDGMENT
MacPhee J.
I. INTRODUCTION
1The Appellant, Garg Investments, appeals from the Minister’s denial of their claim for the New Residential Rental Property Rebate (the “NRRPR”) pursuant to subsection 256.2(3) of the Excise Tax Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. E-15 (the “Act”).
2In 2017 the Appellant sought to purchase two home properties for rental purposes. The seller of these properties refused to sell to the Appellant, a corporation, but agreed to sell the homes to the shareholders of the Appellant. The Appellant eventually took sole title to the properties and applied for the NRRPR.
3The NRRPR allows an individual, identified in the Act as a “particular individual”, to recover a portion of the GST or HST imposed pursuant to ss. 165(1) of the Act in respect of newly constructed or substantially renovated residential rental accommodations. The claims in issue were made for two side-by-side residential rental properties purchased in Kitchener, Ontario (the “Watermill properties”).
4The Act includes, as one of the requirements for this claim, that the particular person be the recipient of the supply. The Minister denied the Appellant’s application for this rebate on the basis the Appellant was not the recipient of the supply.
II. FACTS
5The Appellant was incorporated under the laws of Ontario. It has three shareholders:
- Satish Kumar Garg (“Satish”)
- Adarsh K. Garg (“Adarsh”)
- Vidushi Garg (“Vidushi”)
6Satish and Adarsh are spouses, and Vidushi is their daughter.
7The Appellant called evidence, which was for the most part uncontested. There is very little dispute concerning the facts in this matter.
8On or about July 22, 2017, the Appellant attempted to enter into an agreement of purchase and sale with Mattamy (Monarch) Limited (herein referred to as the “Seller”).
9The Seller expressly refused to agree to a purchase and sale agreement with the Appellant, a corporation, and instead required that the transaction take place between themselves and one or more non-corporate individuals.
10As such, Vidushi signed the purchase and sale agreement for a home located at 56 Watermill, Kitchener, Ontario.
11Shortly after, on July 24, 2017, Vidushi entered into another purchase agreement for the neighbouring home at 58 Watermill, Kitchener, Ontario.
12Adarsh was added shortly after to both purchase and sale agreements by way of an amendment to each agreement.
13In both transactions, the agreements of purchase and sale only listed Vidushi and Adarsh as the buyers.
14Two trust agreements (herein referred to as the “Trust Agreements”), one per property, were executed between the Appellant, Vidushi and Adarsh on August 2, 2017, each stating that Vidushi and Adarsh were to hold the Watermill properties for the sole benefit of the Appellant. Furthermore, the respective Watermill properties were to be transferred to the Appellant on its demand, and at all material times, the rental income, profits and losses, rights, and liabilities were to be born by the Beneficiary (the Appellant).
15On November 30, 2018, both agreements of purchase and sale were amended to include Satish as one of three purchasers.
16Also on November 30, 2018, the Trust Agreements were amended to include Satish as one of the three bare trustees.
17On December 5, 2018, a Direction re Title was signed by all three Trustees, stating that title was to be registered under the Appellant’s name. It was sent to the Seller’s counsel, who issued a Statement of Adjustments to the Appellant’s counsel.
18The Statement of Adjustments issued by the Seller lists the Appellant’s name as the purchaser.
19On or about December 6, 2018, as per the parties’ intention, the titles on the Watermill properties were transferred to the Appellant.
20Pursuant to the Trust Agreements, the Appellant proceeded to pay the consideration and closing funds from its own account to the Seller’s counsel.
21Pursuant to the Trust Agreements, the Appellant also paid the GST/HST on new housing units as is required by the Act.
22The Appellant has since rented out the Watermill properties to tenants. All rent cheques have been deposited into the Appellant’s corporate bank account. Additionally, the Appellant pays all the expenses such as mortgage payments, insurance premiums, property tax bills, etc., from its corporate bank account.
III. ISSUE
23The sole issue in this appeal is whether the Appellant is properly the recipient of the supplies in the purchase of the Subject properties, as required by subsection 256.2(3) of the Act in order to be eligible for the NRRPR.
IV. APPELLANT’S POSITION
24The Appellant’s position is that Vidushi, Adarsh and Satish were parties to the agreement of purchase and sale only as a formality, as required by the seller. Titles to the properties were transferred to the Appellant immediately upon the completion of the purchase and sale agreement. Therefore, a denial of the Appellant’s entitlement to this credit would be based upon a reliance on a mere technicality. The Appellant emphasized that Satish, Adarsh, and Vidushi never wavered in their intent for the Watermill properties to be owned and managed by the Appellant.
25The Appellant also relies upon the fact that upon purchase, the Trustees (Vidushi, Adarsh and Satish) were bare trustees, holding the Watermill properties for the Appellant beneficiary until the first moment they could transfer title to the Appellant. On this basis, it is argued that the Appellant should therefore be eligible for the NRRPR.
V. RESPONDENT’S POSITION
26The Respondent argues that, pursuant to subsection 256.2(3) of the Act, only the recipient of the supply under the purchase agreement is entitled to claim the NRRPR. Since the Appellant is not the purchaser under the purchase agreements, the Appellant is also not the recipient of the supply of the subject properties. Pursuant to the definition of recipient found in subsection 123(1) of the Act, Satish, Adarsh, and Vidushi were the recipients of the supply as they had the liability to pay the consideration under the purchase and sale agreements. The Appellant is therefore not eligible for the NRRPR.
27The Respondent further argues that since Satish, Adarsh and Vidushi never held legal title to the Watermill properties, they could not be holding the properties in trust for the Appellant.
VI. ANALYSIS:
28The relevant statutory framework is primarily set out in subsection 256.2(3) of the Act, under the heading, “Rebate in respect of land and building for residential rental accommodation”. Subparagraph 256.2(3)(a)(I) provides, (with underlining added for emphasis) in abbreviated form:
Rebate in respect of land and building for residential rental accommodation
(3) If
(a) a particular person, other than a cooperative housing corporation,
(i) is the recipient of a taxable supply by way of sale...from another person of a residential complex or of an interest in a residential complex and is not a builder of the complex, or …
the Minister shall,…, pay a rebate to the person …
29In determining whether the Appellant was a “recipient”, it should be noted that the term is defined at section 123 of the Act. Clause (a) of that definition provides:
Recipient of a supply or property or a service means
where consideration for the supply is payable under an agreement for the supply, the person who is liable under the agreement to pay that consideration...;
30Based upon the wording of the legislation set out above, it was Satish, Adarsh and Vidushi who signed the purchase and sale agreement, obliging them to pay the purchase prices for the Watermill properties. They were therefore the recipients of the supply. As such, the Appellant does not qualify for the rebate.
31Of course, the above analysis does not consider the Appellant’s argument concerning the role that the trust agreement between itself and Satish, Adarsh and Vidushi should play as part of the analysis.
32The Federal Court of Appeal, in the Cheema[1] case has considered an argument very similar to the one put forth by the Appellant dealing with the use of trusts. It is worth setting out the factsand conclusion set out in Cheemain my analysis.
33In Cheema, the Appellant and his friend, Dr. Akbari, signed an agreement of purchase and sale providing for the construction of a house in Vaughan, Ontario. While the house was for Mr. Cheema and his family, Dr. Akbari signed the purchase and sale agreement only to help Mr. Cheema obtain mortgage financing. Dr. Akbari did not pay any part of the purchase price, nor for any of the ongoing expenses related to the house.
34At closing, Mr. Cheema and his spouse acquired 99% interest in the house and Dr. Akbari acquired a 1% interest. On the same day, Dr. Akbari signed a trust declaration acknowledging that he was holding this 1% interest in trust for Mr. Cheema and his spouse. This trust declaration was not provided to the mortgage lender, and probably not provided to the builder.
35Dr. Akbari later transferred his 1% interest to Mr. Cheema’s son, who had been approved by the mortgagee.[2] Mr. Cheema and his spouse moved into the house as their primary place of residence immediately after closing.
36The Minister denied Mr. Cheema the GST/HST New Housing Rebate on the basis that Dr. Akbari was not the “particular individual” for purposes of subsection 254(2) of the Act.[3] Dr. Akbari, who is not related to Mr. Cheema, signed the agreement of purchase and sale for the home in question, but did not intend to occupy the home.[4]
37In order to qualify for the GST/HST New Housing Rebate under section 254 of the Act, seven conditions, set out in paragraphs 254(2)(a) through (g) of the Act, must be satisfied. The main criteria in issue in the Cheemadecision is found in paragraph 254(2)(b), summarized below:
paragraph 254(2)(b): at the time the particular individual assumes liability under the agreement of purchase and sale of the complex, the particular individual must be “acquiring the complex...for use as the primary place of residence of the particular individual or a relation of the particular individual”;
Majority: Stratas J.A., and Nadon J.A.[5]
38At the FCA, the majority of the Court found that Mr. Cheema was not entitled to the New Housing Rebate because the requirement in paragraph 254(2)(b) was not met. Because the supply of the complex was made to multiple individuals, the references to “a particular individual” must be read as references to all of those individuals as a group (see ss. 262(3) of the Act). When Mr. Cheema and Dr. Akbari assumed liability under the agreement of purchase and sale, only Mr. Cheema was acquiring the residential complex as a primary place of residence. Dr. Akbari never intended to occupy the complex as his primary residence. The fact that Dr. Akbari acquired the residential complex only as a trustee was found to be of no consequence as the agreement of purchase and sale does not distinguish between Dr. Akbari and Mr. Cheema as purchasers, nor does section 254 provide any exception for trustees.
39The trust arrangement between Mr. Cheema and Dr. Akbari was found to be extraneous to paragraph 254(2)(b) of the Act because subsection 254(2)(b) does not distinguish between beneficial and legal ownership. Rather, paragraph 254(2)(b) focuses on the individual who was legally liable to the builder under the agreement of purchase and sale. In order for any purchaser to receive the GST/HST New Housing Rebate, all purchasers must meet the criteria under paragraph 254(2)(b) of the Act, and intend to occupy the complex as their primary residence.
40Of assistance in this matter, the Court wrote, “It is the relationship of the person acquiring the complex to the builder -one of purchase and sale- that is relevant, not the relationship between co-purchasers.”[6]
41The Appellant, as part of their submissions, urged the Court to rely upon the dissent of Justice Webb in Cheema.
42In his dissent, Justice Webb wrote that Mr. Cheema should be entitled to the GST/HST New Housing Rebate because he was the only person who acquired a beneficial interest in the property from the builder, for purposes of subsection 254(2) of the Act.[7] He concluded that if a person has signed an agreement of purchase and sale but has not acquired a beneficial interest in the residential complex, that person is not a particular individual for the purposes of subsection 254(2) of the Act. Since Dr. Akbari did not acquire a beneficial interest in the residential complex, Dr. Akbari’s was not a particular individual, and there was no supply by way of sale of a residential complex to Dr. Akbari. Dr. Akbari 1% acquisition of the house as bare trustee should be ignored for the purposes of paragraph 254(2).
43Returning now to the matter before me, as stated, the issue is whether the Appellant is entitled to the NRRPR.
44While the issue in Cheemawas whether the taxpayer was eligible for the GST/HST New Housing Rebate under section 254, the principles in Cheemastill assist me in deciding this appeal. Based on both Cheema and the wording found in paragraph 256.2(3)(a) of the Act, the Appellant is not the recipient of the supplies of the Watermill properties, and as such, is not entitled to the NRRPR. Similar to section 254, subsection 256.2(3)(a) does not distinguish between beneficial and legal ownership, so it is of no consequence that the three related individuals acquired the Subject Properties as bare trustees of the Appellant. Paragraph 256.2(3)(a) required the Appellant to have acquired the Subject Properties (i.e., acquired legal title by signing the purchase and sale agreements) to claim the NRRPR.
45Similar to the Cheemadecision, it is the relationship between the purchaser and the seller that is relevant to the entitlement to the NRRPR rebate, not the relationship between the co-purchasers.
46Since the Appellant was not the recipient (as defined in the Act) of the Watermill properties, the Appellant unfortunately does not meet the requirements of ss. 256.2(3)(a) of the Act. The Appeal is dismissed. There shall be no order as to costs.
Signed at Ottawa, Canada this 17th day of May 2023.
“R. MacPhee”
MacPhee J.
2023 TCC 67
COURT FILE NO.:
2021-1719(GST)I
STYLE OF CAUSE:
GARG INVESTMENTS INC. AND HIS MAJESTY THE KING
PLACE OF HEARING:
Toronto, Ontario
DATE OF HEARING:
March 7, 2023
REASONS FOR JUDGMENT BY:
The Honourable Justice Ronald MacPhee
DATE OF JUDGMENT:
May 17, 2023
APPEARANCES:
Counsel for the Appellant:
James Pendergast
Jason Rosen
Bryan Godkin
Counsel for the Respondent:
Humza Khalid
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For the Appellant:
Name:
James Pendergast Jason C. Rosen
Bryan GodkinA
Firm:
Rosen Kirshen Tax Law
For the Respondent:
Shalene Curtis-Micallef
Deputy Attorney General of Canada
Ottawa, Canada
1Canada v. Cheema, 2018 FCA 45 (F.C.A.).
2Ibid at para 7.
3Ibid at paras 8, 21-22.
4Ibid.
5Ibid at paras 70, 87-98, 113.
6Ibid at paragraph 94.
7A 99% interest in the property was conveyed to Mr. Cheema and his spouse; however, the interest conveyed to Mr. Cheema’s spouse should be treated, for purposes of subsection 254(2) of the Act, as being conveyed to Mr. Cheema (Ibid at paras 63-66).