Supreme Court of Canada **Indexed as:** R. v. Doxtator **2022 SCC 40** **File No.:** 40063 **Appeal Heard:** November 9, 2022 | **Judgment Rendered:** November 9, 2022 --- ## Parties **His Majesty The King** — Appellant **v.** **Richard Doxtator** — Respondent --- ## Coram Karakatsanis, Côté, Brown, Rowe and Kasirer JJ. **Judgment Read By:** Kasirer J. (paras. 1 to 2) **Majority:** Côté, Brown and Kasirer JJ. **Dissent:** Karakatsanis and Rowe JJ. --- ## On Appeal From the Court of Appeal for Ontario **Criminal law — Charge to jury — Included offences —** Accused and co‑accused convicted of first degree murder by jury — Accused appealing conviction on basis that failure of trial judge to leave included offences with jury with respect to co‑accused undermined his defence and tainted verdict — Majority of Court of Appeal holding that trial judge should have left included offences with jury in case of co‑accused and that failure to do so narrowed jury instructions in case of accused and weakened his position — Majority setting aside conviction and ordering new trial — Dissenting judge finding that trial judge's error did not negatively impact accused's charge as trial judge told jury to consider each accused separately and to consider accused before co-accused — Conviction restored. --- ## Cases Cited **Referred to:** [R. v. Corbett, [1988] 1 S.C.R. 670](https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/1988/1988canlii80/1988canlii80.html). --- ## History APPEAL from a judgment of the Ontario Court of Appeal (MacPherson, Roberts and Miller JJ.A.), [2022 ONCA 155](https://www.minicounsel.ca/onca/2022/155), 161 O.R. (3d) 81, 78 C.R. (7th) 298, [2022] O.J. No. 794 (QL), 2022 CarswellOnt 1966 (WL), setting aside the conviction of the accused for first degree murder and ordering a new trial. Appeal allowed, Karakatsanis and Rowe JJ. dissenting. --- ## Counsel Andreea Baiasu, for the appellant. James Lockyer and Jessica Zita, for the respondent. --- ## Judgment The judgment of the Court was delivered orally by [ 1 ] **Kasirer J.** — A majority of the Court would allow the appeal. The trial judge's instructions for Mr. Doxtator properly left with the jury the reasonably available verdicts. As MacPherson J.A., dissenting, correctly observed in the Court of Appeal, the trial judge explicitly instructed the jury to consider Mr. Doxtator's case separately from that of the co‑accused: [2022 ONCA 155](https://www.minicounsel.ca/onca/2022/155), 161 O.R. (3d) 81. Nothing in the record on appeal permits this Court to depart from the assumption that juries generally follow explicit instructions: see [R. v. Corbett, [1988] 1 S.C.R. 670](https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/1988/1988canlii80/1988canlii80.html), at pp. 692‑93. This is sufficient for the appeal to be allowed, to set aside the order for a new trial for the respondent Richard Doxtator and to restore his conviction for first degree murder. [ 2 ] Justices Karakatsanis and Rowe, dissenting, would dismiss the appeal substantially for the reasons of Roberts J.A. in the Court of Appeal. **Judgment accordingly.** --- Solicitor for the appellant: Ministry of the Attorney General, Crown Law Office — Criminal, Toronto. Solicitors for the respondent: Lockyer Zaduk Zeeh, Toronto.