April 21, 2021
IN THE MATTER OF THE SECURITIES LEGISLATION OF ONTARIO (the Jurisdiction)
AND
IN THE MATTER OF THE PROCESS FOR EXEMPTIVE RELIEF APPLICATIONS IN MULTIPLE JURISDICTIONS
AND
IN THE MATTER OF CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL ASSET MANAGEMENT (CANADA), INC. (the Filer)
DECISION
Background
The principal regulator in the Jurisdiction has received an application from the Filer on behalf of all current and future mutual funds managed by the Filer that are subject to National Instrument 81-102 Investment Funds (NI 81-102), other than money market funds as defined in NI 81-102 (each, a Fund and, collectively, the Funds), for a decision under the securities legislation of the Jurisdiction of the principal regulator (the Legislation) for an exemption, pursuant to section 19.1 of NI 81-102, from the requirements in paragraph 2.8(1)(d) and subparagraph 2.8(1)(f)(i) of NI 81-102 to permit each Fund, when it:
(a) opens or maintains a long position in a debt-like security that has a component that is a long position in a forward contract, or in a standardized future or forward contract; or
(b) enters into or maintains a swap position and during the periods when the Fund is entitled to receive payments under the swap,
to use as cover a right or obligation to sell an equivalent quantity of the underlying interest of the forward, standardized future or swap (the Exemption Sought).
Under the Process for Exemptive Relief Applications in Multiple Jurisdictions (for a passport application):
(a) the Ontario Securities Commission is the principal regulator for this application; and
(b) the Filer has provided notice that subsection 4.7(1) of Multilateral Instrument 11-102 Passport System (MI 11-102) is intended to be relied upon in each of the other provinces and territories of Canada (together with Ontario, the Jurisdictions).
Interpretation
Terms defined in NI 81-102, National Instrument 14-101 Definitions, and MI 11-102 have the same meaning if used in this decision, unless otherwise defined.
Representations
This decision is based on the following facts represented by the Filer:
The Filer and the Funds
The Filer is, or will be, the investment fund manager of each Fund. The Filer is registered as an investment fund manager, portfolio manager and exempt market dealer in the Province of Ontario. The Filer is also registered as an investment fund manager in the Provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador and Québec, and as an exempt market dealer in the Provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia and Québec. The head office of the Filer is in Toronto, Ontario.
The Filer may be the portfolio manager of a Fund. The Filer may appoint one or more portfolio managers for the Funds or sub-advisors to provide the Filer with investment advice in respect of a Fund’s investments in securities.
To the extent that a Fund may invest in futures or options on futures, the Filer has appointed, or will appoint, a portfolio manager that is duly registered under the Commodities Futures Act (Ontario) or any successor thereto (the CFA) or that has obtained an exemption from or relies on an exemption from the applicable registration requirements under the CFA.
Each Fund is, or will be, a mutual fund created under the laws of the Province of Ontario and is, or will be, subject to the provisions of NI 81-102.
Neither the Filer nor the existing Funds are in default of securities legislation in any Jurisdiction.
Securities of the Funds are, or will be, offered by a simplified prospectus filed in the Jurisdictions and, accordingly, each Fund is, or will be, a reporting issuer in the Jurisdictions.
The investment objective and investment strategies of each Fund are, or will be, set out in the Fund’s simplified prospectus. Where specified in its investment strategies, a Fund may invest in specified derivatives in order to seek exposure to securities or markets and may also use derivatives to hedge against potential loss.
When specified derivatives are used for non-hedging purposes, each Fund that is permitted to use derivatives is, or will be, subject to the cover requirements of NI 81-102.
Exemption Sought
Paragraph 2.8(1)(d) and subparagraph 2.8(1)(f)(i) of NI 81-102 do not permit covering a long position in a debt-like security that has a component that is a long position in a forward contract or in a standardized future or forward contract or a position in a swap for a period when a Fund is entitled to receive payments under the swap, in whole or in part, with a right or obligation to sell an equivalent quantity of the underlying interest of the forward, future or swap. Accordingly, these sections of NI 81-102 do not permit the use of put options or short forward, future or swap positions to cover long forward, future or swap positions.
By not recognizing the hedging properties of options for long positions evidenced by standardized futures or forwards or in respect of swaps where a fund is entitled to receive payments from the counterparty, NI 81-102 effectively imposes the requirement to overcollateralize, since the maximum liability to the fund under the scenario described is equal to the difference between the market value of the long derivative position and the exercise price of the option. Overcollateralization imposes a cost on a mutual fund.
Paragraph 2.8(1)(c) of NI 81-102 permits a mutual fund to write a put option and to cover it by holding a right or obligation to sell an equivalent quantity of the underlying interest of the written put option. This position has similar risks as a debt-like security that has a component that has a long position in a forward or a standardized future or forward contract as contemplated by paragraph 2.8(1)(d) or a swap as contemplated by subparagraph 2.8(1)(f)(i). Therefore, the Filer submits that the Funds should be permitted to cover a long position in a future, forward or swap with a put option or an offsetting short position.
As the investment fund manager of each Fund, the Filer supervises and oversees, or will supervise and oversee, any portfolio managers or sub-advisors in the use of derivatives as investments within the Funds, pursuant to policies and procedures which set out supervision and oversight processes to ensure that the use of derivatives is adequately monitored and derivatives risk is appropriately managed.
The annual information form of the Funds discloses, or will disclose, a summary of the applicable policies and procedures regarding the use of derivatives. The simplified prospectus and annual information form, upon renewal, will include disclosure of the nature of the Exemption Sought.
Without the Exemption Sought, the Funds will not have the flexibility to enhance yield and to manage more effectively their exposure under specified derivatives.
Decision
The principal regulator is satisfied that the decision meets the test set out in the Legislation for the principal regulator to make the decision.
The decision of the principal regulator under the Legislation is that the Exemption Sought is granted provided that:
(a) when a Fund enters into or maintains a swap position for periods when the Fund would be entitled to receive fixed payments under the swap, the Fund holds:
(i) cash cover in an amount that, together with margin on account for the swap and the market value of the swap, is not less than, on a daily mark-to-market basis, the underlying market exposure of the swap;
(ii) a right or obligation to enter into an offsetting swap on an equivalent quantity and with an equivalent term and cash cover that, together with margin on account for the position, is not less than the aggregate amount, if any, of the obligations of the Fund under the swap less the obligations of the Fund under such offsetting swap; or
(iii) a combination of the positions referred to in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) that is sufficient, without recourse to other assets of the Fund, to enable the Fund to satisfy its obligations under the swap;
(b) when a Fund opens or maintains a long position in a debt-like security that has a component that is a long position in a forward contract, or in a standardized future or forward contract, the Fund holds:
(i) cash cover in an amount that, together with margin on account for the specified derivative and the market value of the specified derivative, is not less than, on a daily mark-to-market basis, the underlying market exposure of the specified derivative;
(ii) a right or obligation to sell an equivalent quantity of the underlying interest of the future or forward contract, and cash cover that, together with margin on account for the position, is not less than the amount, if any, by which the market price of the future or forward contract exceeds the strike price of the right or obligation to sell the underlying interest; or
(iii) a combination of the positions referred to in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) that is sufficient, without recourse to other assets of the Fund, to enable the Fund to satisfy its obligations under the future or forward contract;
(c) a Fund will not:
(i) purchase a debt-like security that has an option component or an option; or
(ii) purchase or write an option to cover any positions under paragraphs 2.8(1)(b), (c), (d), (e) or (f) of NI 81-102;
if, immediately after the purchase or writing of such option, more than 10% of the net asset value of the Fund, taken at market value at the time of the transaction, would be made up of:
(A) purchased debt-like securities that have an option component or purchased options, in each case, held by the Fund for purposes other than hedging; or
(B) options used to cover any position under paragraphs 2.8(1)(b), (c), (d), (e) or (f) of NI 81-102;
(d) this decision will terminate on the coming into force of any securities legislation relating to the use as cover of a right or obligation to sell an equivalent quantity of the underlying interest of the forward, standardized future or swap in compliance with section 2.8 of NI 81-102.
“Darren McKall”
Darren McKall
Manager, Investment Funds and Structured Products
Ontario Securities Commission
App. No. 2021/0210
SEDAR # 3202935