Re: Wesley McEwan, 2026 CanLII 34201

Re: Wesley McEwan

ORB File No: 7794

Hearing held on: Monday, March 2, 2026

Place of Hearing: Southwest Centre for Forensic Mental Health Care, 401 Sunset Drive, St. Thomas

Pursuant to: Section 672.81 (1) of the Criminal Code

Before: Alternate Chairperson: Ms. T. Mann Members: Dr. R. Chandrasena Dr. A. Kerry Mr. E. Siebenmorgen Ms. B. Little (via videoconference)

Parties Appearing: Accused: Wesley McEwan Counsel: Mr. W. Glover

The person in charge of hospital: Counsel: Ms. J. Zamprogna

Attorney General of Ontario: Counsel: Mr. J. Huber

REASONS FOR DISPOSITION (Dated April 15, 2026)

Introduction

1On November 2, 2020, Mr. Wesley McEwan was found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (“NCR”), on charges of uttering a threat to cause death or bodily harm, assault with a weapon (x2), uttering a threat to burn, destroy, or damage property, arson-reckless disregard for life (x3), and assaulting a police officer, all contrary to the Criminal Code. Mr. McEwan was most recently subject to a Disposition of the Ontario Review Board (“ORB” or “the Board”) dated March 20, 2025 (as amended pursuant to an Order dated October 6, 2025) pursuant to which he is ordered detained at the Southwest Centre for Forensic Mental Health Care, St. Joseph's Health Care London (“Southwest” or “the Hospital”), subject to a variety of terms and conditions, including privileges that provide for community living in approved accommodation in Elgin or Middlesex Counties. Mr. McEwan transitioned to community living in May of 2022. In August of 2023, he moved into a Canadian Mental Health Association (CMHA) market-value rent apartment in St. Thomas with his wife. He continued to live in that residence at the time of his recent hearing.

2On Monday, March 2, 2026, a panel of the Board convened in person at the Hospital to conduct the annual review of Mr. McEwen’s Disposition. The main issues for determination were whether Mr. McEwan represented a significant threat to the safety of the public within the meaning of s. 672.5401 of the Criminal Code and, if so, ascertaining the necessary and appropriate Disposition having regard to the criteria in s. 672.54 of the Code. In addition, an issue arose as to whether any of Mr. McEwan’s readmissions constituted significant increases in the restrictions upon his liberty that ought to have resulted in notifications to the Board pursuant to s. 672.56(2)(b) of the Criminal Code. Finally, a question arose during the hearing as to whether the Board should order the preparation of a Gladue report.

3Mr. McEwan was present and represented throughout the hearing by his counsel, Mr. Glover. The Occupational Therapist from Mr. McEwan’s Forensic Outreach Team also attended.

4The documentary evidence at the hearing consisted of the Hospital Report, dated January 16, 2026 (Exhibit 1), along with several items of correspondence describing three readmissions of Mr. McEwan to the Hospital within the reporting period in review. That correspondence is listed as follows:

• Exhibit 2: a letter to the Review Board from the Southwest Centre dated June 16, 2025;
• Exhibit 3: a letter to the Southwest Centre from counsel to the Board dated June 24, 2025;
• Exhibit 4: a letter to the Review Board from the Southwest Centre dated October 6, 2025;
• Exhibit 5: a letter to the Southwest Centre from counsel to the Board dated November 5, 2025;
• Exhibit 6: a letter to the Review Board from the Southwest Centre dated February 9, 2026;
• Exhibit 7: a letter to the Southwest Centre from counsel to the Board dated February 9, 2026;
• Exhibit 8: email correspondence from the Southwest Centre to the Review Board dated February 20, 2026; and
• Exhibit 9: email correspondence from counsel to the Review Board to all parties, dated February 27, 2026, advising that the issue of whether the accused’s admission to hospital was a reportable Restriction of Liberty (ROL) pursuant to subsection 672.56(2) of the Code, or whether a Campbell notification was sufficient, can be addressed by the parties at the upcoming annual review.

5In addition, the panel heard oral evidence from Dr. N. Mokhber, Mr. McEwan’s attending psychiatrist, and from Mr. McEwan.

6The hearing proceeded on the basis of a joint submission. At the outset, counsel for all parties agreed that Mr. McEwan represented a significant threat to public safety and that the necessary and appropriate Disposition was a Detention Order on the same terms and conditions, except that the provision permitting 14-day travel passes should be removed. The parties also agreed that the readmissions to the Hospital did not constitute reportable increased liberty restrictions. The parties maintained their positions at the conclusion of the evidence, and agreed, as well, that the Board should order the preparation of a Gladue report for the next hearing.

7For the following Reasons, the panel found that Mr. McEwan represents a significant threat to the safety of the public. The necessary and appropriate Disposition in the circumstances is a continuation of the existing Detention Order, to be amended by removing the provision for accompanied 14-day travel passes. The panel also ordered that a Gladue report be prepared and made available for the next annual review. Finally, the panel agreed with the parties that the three readmissions of Mr. McEwan to the Hospital did not constitute increased restrictions of Mr. McEwan’s liberty requiring notification of the Board pursuant to s. 672.56(2) of the Criminal Code.

The Index Offences

8The circumstances of the index offences are taken from last year’s Reasons for Disposition, dated April 10, 2025, and are reproduced as follows:

"Wesley Andrew McEWAN (date of birth January 6, 1986) was thirty-four years of age at the time of this incident. McEWAN suffers with mental health issues and was diagnosed with schizophrenia at the age of seventeen years of age. McEWAN currently lives with his father, who is also McEWAN's caregiver.

McEWAN has had numerous incidents with the Sarnia Police Service since 2004, the majority of the calls classified as Mental Health Act assistance calls involving McEWAN. On July 13, 2020, Sarnia Police Service officers were dispatched to McEWAN's in the city of Sarnia, Ontario.

A neighbour had called the police reporting that McEWAN was banging on the neighbour's door with a stick, causing damage to the door and siding of his house. When police arrived, the neighbour advised that McEWAN had gone back to his father's apartment.

Officers tried to speak to McEWAN. McEWAN responded by yelling and screaming at the officers and stating that his neighbour had a debt collector for a bike gang living with him and he has been breaking into MCEWAN's place, stealing things.

COUNT 1: Utter Threats to Cause Death, contrary to section 264.1(1)(a)

McEWAN was extremely agitated, slammed the door and continued to yell at the officers from inside the apartment. McEWAN was heard yelling 'I'm going to kill whoever comes through this door!'

McEWAN had barricaded the doorway at the top of the stairway which prohibited officers from accessing his apartment.

COUNTS 2, 3: Assault with a Weapon, contrary to section 267(a) x2

McEWAN began to throw household items at the officers that were now at the bottom of the stairs leading up to his apartment. Constable Philip VEALE# 244 was standing outside the house, at the front, when McEWAN opened the window above the front porch, climbed out, and threw a vacuum cleaner, mirror and other miscellaneous household items at Constable VEALE #244. McEWAN threw a flowerpot at Constable Tim VANCOWENBERG #212 and threw other items at the officers on the porch.

McEWAN then returned back into the residence.

COUNT 4: Uttering Threats to Cause Property Damage contrary to section 264.1(1)(b)

At 1:32 p.m. McEWAN stuck his head out the rear window on the east side of the residence and stated to Constable Sean VANVLYMAN #208, "I'm going to burn this fucking place down."

COUNTS 5, 6, 7: Arson Disregard for Human Life, contrary to section 433(a) x3

McEWAN then went back inside and a very short time later, officers observed a lot of smoke coming out of the back of the residence windows. Sarnia Fire was contacted.

Officers observed McEWAN hanging out the back window to escape the large amount of smoke caused by a fire McEWAN had lit within the apartment.

Other officers evacuated the remainder of the house and removed three people from the basement unit, an adult male and two children (a two-year-old and an infant).

Officers moved a mattress from the backyard to position below the apartment window to ease McEWAN's fall and McEWAN jumped from the window, landing on the mattress where he was taken into custody. McEWAN was advised that he was being apprehended under the Mental Health Act. Constable VANVLYMAN #208 transported McEWAN to Bluewater Health for a mental health assessment where McEWAN was admitted for treatment and observation.

COUNT 8: Assaulting A Peace Officer, contrary to section 210(1)(a)

While at the hospital, McEWAN became agitated and combative. McEWAN spit on Constable VANCOWENBERG # 212 and also threw a punch at Constable VANCOWENBERG #212.

McEWAN was then restrained to resume his assessment and treatment by hospital health professionals.”

Background Information

9The Hospital Report outlines Mr. McEwan's history, background, and progress under the Board’s jurisdiction. As the Report is in evidence, this information need not be summarized in these Reasons. Certain items are highlighted to contextualize the issues. Mr. McEwan was 40 years of age at the time of the hearing. He has grade 12 and some college education. He has a limited employment history prior to the index offences and began receiving ODSP benefits when he was 20 years old.

10Mr. McEwan has a history of substance use, which began when he was approximately 16 to 18 years old, with the use of cannabis and alcohol. He has also used cocaine and, beginning approximately a year before the index offences, has been using crystal methamphetamine. He reported using cannabis on the day of the index offences and crystal methamphetamine two days before. He self-reported that cannabis made him hallucinate, "a little, but l like to" and that he has hallucinated colours when he used crystal methamphetamine.

11Prior to the index offences, Mr. McEwan did not have a record of criminal convictions. However, he had several police contacts, the majority of which were related to his mental health issues. His first reported psychiatric admission was in 2004 after becoming delusional and threatening his father. He also reportedly expressed thoughts about killing both his parents because he thought they were androids. He was diagnosed with schizophrenia.

12Mr. McEwan was placed on several Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) in the past, between 2007 and 2017. He lived in British Columbia for approximately a year. He was seeing a psychiatrist there but eventually stopped his medications, his behaviour escalated, and he was charged with assaulting a peace officer. He returned to Ontario in early 2019, his charge was transferred to Sarnia and diverted through the local Wellness Court, and he re-engaged with the local branch of the CMHA. He was readmitted to hospital in early March after responding to auditory hallucinations. He was violent and required chemical and physical restraint. His drug screen tested positive for cocaine, methamphetamine and ecstasy. He was eventually discharged on a CTO. After it was renewed in September of 2019, Mr. McEwan continued to report daily use of cannabis.

13Mr. McEwan was admitted to hospital several more times between November of 2019 and the date of the index offences for various forms of disorganized and threatening behaviour in the community, and once for becoming violent in the home and threatening to kill his father. On these admissions, his drug screens consistently tested positive for a variety of substances, including cannabis, methamphetamine, and cocaine. While hospitalized immediately following his arrest for the index offences, he tested positive for cannabis and benzodiazepines.

14During his initial year under the Board’s authority and at the Hospital, Mr. McEwan experienced significant improvement. His significant underlying paranoia and residual delusions and hallucinations were controlled in their intensity, though were believed to be “just below the surface”. He attended a Stress and Coping group, the Concurrent Disorders group, and then a 19-day residential treatment program known as Westover. He followed up with Thames Valley Addiction Services for relapse prevention support. His girlfriend (whom he subsequently married) moved from Sarnia into an apartment in St. Thomas to be closer to him and became an Approved Person. By May of 2022, Mr. McEwan had transitioned to the Addiction Supportive Housing (ASH) program managed by CMHA.

15Mr. McEwan began to use cannabis and alcohol a few months after transitioning to the community, despite the recommendations of his treatment team. His partner also used cannabis and the team began to be concerned about her suitability as an Approved Person. However, despite Mr. McEwan’s regular use of these substances, there were no overt psychotic symptoms. Following his March, 2023 ORB hearing, he was granted an exemption from his substance use abstention clause to permit him to use cannabis and alcohol.

16Mr. McEwan and his girlfriend were married in 2023 and moved into another apartment together in August, entering into a four-year lease. In May, he requested to discontinue his antipsychotic medications. They were titrated down and he had his final dose in September of 2023. Since then time, the treatment team noted an increase in the intensity of his psychotic symptoms but no significant decompensation was observed. It was reported that his symptoms were contained and had not led to dysfunction or distress. He did not demonstrate any disorganization and no issues were reported by his wife or other family members. It was reported that he was able live “his full life,” continued utilizing his passes and maintained his employment. He continued to use cannabis, described as one joint daily shared with his wife, and alcohol, in the form of one or two beers three times per week. He denied cravings for other substances such as crystal methamphetamine.

17On July 26, 2024, Mr. McEwan was readmitted to the Hospital following reported and observed significant symptoms of psychosis, including delusions and paranoia, in addition to admitted use of methamphetamine. It became evident following his admission that he had been using methamphetamine for some months. He started to receive indirectly supervised passes in October and on December 5, 2024, was discharged to live with his wife in their apartment. In hospital, he was restarted on antipsychotic medication and his wife, though still valued as an important source of support for Mr. McEwan, had her Approved Person status revoked in September of 2024. She had not advised the Hospital of his use of substances and tended to minimize his psychotic symptoms.

18While in hospital, Mr. McEwan used some of his indirectly supervised passes to attend Narcotics Anonymous weekly on Saturdays, Alcoholics Anonymous weekly on Mondays, and Celebrate Recovery on Sundays. He consistently attended one-on-one appointments with CMHA Thames Valley Addiction and Mental Health (Thames Valley Addiction Services) every other week since approximately November 2024. Mr. McEwan described his recent admission as a good learning experience with respect to substance use and recovery work and indicated that he planned to continue with Thames Valley Addiction Services and NA. However, after his discharge from the Hospital, he stopped engaging in all community addiction support services, stating that he did not need any further support. He stated that he planned to continue to use cannabis and drink alcohol moderately but to abstain absolutely from other substances.

19For Reasons dated April 10, 2025, following last year’s annual review, the Board continued Mr. McEwan’s Detention Order and reinstated a full abstention clause, removing his permission to consume alcohol and cannabis.

Evidence for the Current Reporting Year and at the Hearing

20Mr. McEwan’s diagnoses are listed in the Hospital Report as follows:

• schizophrenia;
• polysubstance use disorder; and
• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

21The Hospital Report states that over the course of the current reporting period, Mr. McEwan remained largely stable when abstinent from substances, maintaining employment, attending to daily responsibilities, and demonstrating strong organization, judgment, and cognitive functioning. He was reliable, thoughtful, and conscientious in his commitments. However, as described below, the period in review was marked by three relapses to crystal methamphetamine use, each resulting in readmission to hospital.

22The first readmission occurred on May 27, 2025, when Mr. McEwan was brought to the hospital by the police under the warrant of committal after his wife contacted the Outreach team concerned about her safety due to his unpredictable behaviour when using substances. His wife reported that he had used crystal methamphetamine three times in the week preceding his admission. He admitted using crystal methamphetamine to cope with his cravings and to calm himself, recognizing that its use constituted a breach of his disposition. He was admitted for a period of assessment and stabilization and remained in hospital until June 3, 2025, at which time he was discharged back to his apartment. Dr. Mokhber stated that because of Mr. McEwan’s delusions and hallucinations, she discussed with him a change in his medication, to which he agreed. He was switched to a long-acting injectable version of his previous medication (Abilify).

23The second readmission occurred on September 25, 2025 and was said to be voluntary on Mr. McEwan’s part. The admission was due to increasing use of substances, housing concerns, and concerns for Mr. McEwan’s safety as his wife was physically and mentally unwell. The police had been called to their apartment because his wife was holding a knife during an argument. Reportedly, Mr. McEwan had thrown a fan. There were no injuries from the altercation. Mr. McEwan had relapsed into methamphetamine use, most recently some three days prior to his readmission. Dr. Mokhber said that Mr. McEwan remained at the Hospital for seven or eight nights and was then placed on a leave of absence to return to his apartment. It was reported that his wife had gone to visit her sister (in Sarnia) for a few days. Dr. Mokhber said that the Hospital held a bed for Mr. McEwan until November 9.

24Mr. McEwan’s third readmission occurred on January 8, 2026, due to substance use relapse, missed Outreach Team contacts, declining to provide urine samples upon request, and increasing clinical concern given his psychiatric history. He stated that he began using substances again (including crystal methamphetamine) due to an inability to focus and difficulty managing his ADHD symptoms. Mr. McEwan was admitted for stabilization, monitoring, and support, with the goals of diagnostic clarification, medication management (retrial of ADHD treatment), and initiation of 1:1 substance use counseling. He was placed on a leave of absence (LOA) back to his apartment on January 16, 2026.

25It was stated in the Hospital’s Campbell¹ letter to the Board that Mr. McEwan had agreed to this admission. Dr. Mokhber elaborated on the circumstances by explaining that after testing positive for methamphetamine (on December 18, 2025), Mr. McEwan was asked to come to the Hospital for assessment. Dr. Mokhber wanted to find out why he was using drugs again, over and over. When he explained about his ADHD symptoms, Dr. Mokhber stated that if he wished to try medication (atomoxetine) for this, he would need to be admitted to the Hospital. He agreed.

26Asked by a panel member what she would have done in January if Mr. McEwan had said that he did not want to come to the Hospital, Dr. Mokhber said that she would not have had Mr. McEwan brought to the Hospital under a warrant of committal. Instead, she would have done increased monitoring of him in the community. His mental state was different but not such that he represented an increased risk.

27Dr. Mokhber stated that Mr. McEwan continued working during this admission, and also went to visit his wife. He advised that the medication was working, but he again tested positive for methamphetamine. In response to questions from a panel member, Dr. Mokhber referred to Mr. McEwan’s explanation that using drugs makes him more functional and relaxes him from life stressors. He prefers using drugs as a shortcut to manage situational anxiety. His life circumstances are not things he can easily change, although the treatment team has recommended that his living situation, which includes his wife’s brother, is not helpful.

28In response to a panel member’s question, Dr. Mokhber stated that as of the hearing date, Mr. McEwan’s wife was staying with her sister in Sarnia who had recently had surgery. Mr. McEwan tells the treatment team that his wife is “okay”. The team has offered programs to the two of them, but his wife has not to date been receptive.

29Dr. Mokhber updated the panel by stating that Mr. McEwan prefers not to continue taking medication for ADHD. He is capable of consenting to his psychiatric treatment.

30Asked by the panel about early signs and symptoms of decompensation, Dr. Mokhber stated that Mr. McEwan becomes irritable and impulsive, his speech changes, and he gets angry sooner. If he continues using substances, his impulsive behaviour would become a great risk for the public and for himself.

31Dr. Mokhber stated that Mr. McEwan has now agreed to work with CMHA again on his substance use issues, and indeed had an appointment scheduled for the day after the hearing with Thames Valley Addiction Services. It is necessary for the team to continue working with Mr. McEwan on his underdeveloped insight (described as one very important risk factor) into how his substance use leads him into psychosis. In addition to the positive therapeutic rapport that the treatment team has with him, Mr. McEwan has several protective factors in his favour, including: the support he receives from his parents, two sisters, and his wife; his employment; and his personality (empathy, positive work ethic, and absence of antisocial personality traits). Dr. Mokhber was hopeful that with work on his substance use, Mr. McEwan can have a better year in the upcoming period.

32Dr. Mokhber was asked whether she had any information about Mr. McEwan’s interest in Indigenous-focused programming or activities, beyond the references in the Hospital Report to his expressed interest in getting his Native Status card and the reference to his visit to Six Nations of the Grand River in the Brantford area. The doctor replied that he has never mentioned anything of this to her (she has been his treating psychiatrist since late December of 2024).

33Mr. McEwan testified briefly after Dr. Mokhber completed her evidence. Asked by his counsel whether he was prepared to commit to abstaining from substance use, he replied that he believed that going to see “Lynn” (his previous addictions counsellor at Thames Valley Addiction Counselling, or TVAC) would really help him. In response to questions from counsel for the Attorney General, he said that he agrees even more with the drug use abstention clause in his Disposition that he did the previous year. He was open to drug treatment programs at CMHA or TVAC but stated that his preference is to engage with one-on-one counselling.

34Mr. McEwan confirmed that the has Indigenous roots, stating that he has a tie to the Six Nations and, later in the hearing, commented that he was desirous of a Gladue report, indicating it would be a help to him.

35No further evidence was led following that of Dr. Mokhber and Mr. McEwan.

Analysis and Conclusions

36Dealing first with the matter of “significant threat”, the panel has no difficulty accepting the parties’ joint position in this regard and finds independently that Mr. McEwan represents a significant threat to the safety of the public. He suffers from a serious mental disorder, the symptoms of which become seriously exacerbated by the use of substances. While unwell, untreated, and actively consuming substances, Mr. McEwan committed serious index offences that included setting fire to his residence, which was occupied at the time by three other people. The fire could well have had lethal consequences but for the presence of first responders who had already attended in response to Mr. McEwan’s mental health crisis. In addition, Mr. McEwan has a history of violent behaviour and threats, including homicidal threats, when unwell and affected by substance use.

37Mr. McEwan’s ongoing struggle with substance use has resulted in hospital readmissions over the last two reporting periods, as chronicled in the Hospital Report, last year’s Reasons for Disposition, and in Dr. Mokhber’s evidence. In addition, Mr. McEwan is vulnerable to stress and anxiety that predisposes him to substance use. He requires the support and active monitoring of his forensic outreach team to help manage his stressors and to maintain testing for substance use.

38Mr. McEwan’s injectable antipsychotic medication is a significant protective measure. It is plain, however, that Mr. McEwan’s compliance is externally motivated. He has in the past been able to maintain relatively stable functioning in the community for a time after discontinuing his medication, but with ongoing substance use, the symptoms of his illness will likely worsen and hallucinations, including Mr. McEwan’s longstanding conviction that he is counseled by the voice of “Carlos”, will likely return.

39Absent the oversight of the Board and the involvement of his forensic team, it is highly likely that Mr. McEwan would discontinue his medication and return to the use of substances, including both cannabis and methamphetamines. In concluding that Mr. McEwan continues to represent a significant threat to the safety of the public, the panel adopts the list of risk factors in the Clinical Summary of Risk in the Hospital Report and finds itself in agreement with the risk scenario in the Hospital Report, which states:

“Without the structure and oversight provided by forensic supervision, Mr. McEwan would be at high risk of becoming non‑adherent to treatment and resuming substance use. This pattern would likely precipitate a relapse of psychiatric symptoms, including hallucinations and paranoia, and could lead to a recurrence of the behaviours observed before and during his index offences. In the context of escalating polysubstance use and psychosis, he would be vulnerable to significant decompensation, increasing the likelihood of antisocial and violent behaviours directed toward himself, members of the public, and authority figures.”

40Turning to the matter of disposition, the panel agrees with the parties’ joint position that the necessary and appropriate Disposition continues to be a Detention Order. In light of the necessary close monitoring and requirement for quick intervention in the community, as demonstrated by the events of the past reporting period, the panel is satisfied that there is, in any event, no air of reality to a Conditional Discharge.

41All parties agreed that the provision in the existing Disposition permitting 14-day passes to travel within Canada with an approved person should be removed. The panel agreed. Mr. McEwan currently does not have an approved person and there is currently no prospect for travel to British Columbia, where Mr. McEwan’s mother resides.

42All parties supported the ordering of a Gladue report. The Board concurs in this request. The panel notes that the Hospital Report contains next to no information about Mr. McEwan’s Indigenous origins or heritage. It may well be that the information and recommendations that can be made available in a Gladue report can assist both the Board and the treatment team in exploring and developing options to assist in addressing Mr. McEwan’s needs and community reintegration into the future. The panel expects that such a report can be prepared in time for Mr. McEwan’s next annual review.

43The panel was satisfied, as jointly agreed among the parties, that the three readmissions of Mr. McEwan to the Hospital during the recent reporting period did not constitute significant restrictions of his liberty triggering the notice requirement to the Board under s. 672.56(2) of the Criminal Code. The panel accepted Dr. Mokhber’s evidence in relation to these occurrences.

44However, prior to concluding these Reasons, the panel would make an observation respecting the preparation by the Hospital of Campbell letters for the Board’s consideration. Going forward, in circumstances where it is asserted that the accused has voluntarily agreed to attend the hospital for assessment and/or admission, it would assist the Board if the Hospital could proactively include information responding to the following questions, adapted from the questions in the letter from counsel to the Board dated February 9, 2026 in this case:

• Was the accused given an opportunity to decide whether to attend or be admitted to hospital on the relevant date?
• During the admission, was the accused advised that they were free to leave at any time, and they nonetheless chose to remain in hospital until discharged?

45The concern here is that the truly voluntary character of an NCR accused’s return to hospital can be compromised by the inherently coercive nature of the power of the state, as represented by hospital authorities, when under the jurisdiction of the Board.

46In approaching this matter, the panel has considered the evidence through the lens of the factors in s. 672.54 of the Criminal Code. The panel wishes to commend Mr. McEwan on his adherence to his medication, his engagement with his treatment team, and his evidence during which he expressed his desire to engage with his addictions counsellor. We join with Dr. Mokhber in expressing hope that he will make progress in his efforts to remain abstinent from substances during the year ahead.

Footnotes

1. 1Re Campbell, 2018 ONCA 140.